Fraileys Shale
Lithostratigraphy: Pope Megagroup >>Okaw Group >>Golconda Group >>Fraileys Shale
Chronostratigraphy: Paleozoic Erathem >>Mississippian Subsystem >>Chesterian Series >>Hombergian Stage
Allostratigraphy: Kaskaskia Sequence
Primary source
Willman, H. B., Elwood Atherton, T. C. Buschbach, Charles Collinson, John C. Frye, M. E. Hopkins, Jerry A. Lineback, and Jack A. Simon, 1975, Handbook of Illinois Stratigraphy: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 95, 261 p.
Contributing author(s)
Elwood Atherton, Charles Collinson, and Jerry A. Lineback
Name
Original description
Fraileys Shale (McFarlan et al., 1955, p. 18).
Derivation
Named for Fraileys Landing (abandoned), Hardin County, about a mile northeast of the type section.
Other names
History/background
Type section
Type location
The type section of the Fraileys Shale is in a bluff along Haney Creek (NE NE SE 9, 12S-10E), where the formation is 94 feet thick.
Type author(s)
Type status
Reference section
Reference location
Reference author(s)
Reference status
Stratigraphic relationships
Extent and thickness
The Fraileys Shale is 80-100 feet thick in most of Williamson County, and it thins irregularly northward to 30-40 feet in the northern and northeastern areas (fig. M-39). Great variations in thickness within short distances have a reciprocal relation with units above and below.
Lithology
The Fraileys is dominantly shale, with minor amounts of limestone and, locally, sandstone. The Fraileys is dominantly dark gray shale. A bed of red shale a few feet below the top and a bed of siltstone just below the shale are persistent in the southern area. Limestone beds occur sporadically at numerous levels. A bed about 15 feet below the top is fairly persistent, but the others, mostly lenticular accumulations of fossil debris, thin rapidly and disappear within a short distance. Some of these beds contain abundant fragments of bright red, orange, and green fossils, mainly bryozoans but also a few oolites and other detrital grains. In the north, limestone is fairly abundant locally in the Fraileys, particularly in the lower part, and in places it is difficult to distinguish limestone at the base of the Fraileys from the underlying Beech Creek Limestone. Sandstone in the Fraileys, where present in significant amount, is assigned to the Big Clifty Sandstone Member.
Core(s)
Photograph(s)
Contacts
Well log characteristics
Fossils
The corkscrew-like axes of the bryozoan Archimedes reach a peak in number of species and abundance of specimens in the Fraileys and Haney Formations. A brachiopod faunal zone, the "Camarophoria"--Stenoscisma explanata Range Zone, extends from the Fraileys upward to the top of the Chesterian strata. The Pterotocrinus capitalis Range Zone is equivalent to the lower half of the Fraileys Shale.
Age and correlation
Environments of deposition
Economic importance
"Golconda shale" is an informal name applied to the Fraileys Shale. “Big Clifty” and “Jackson” are informal names applied to producing zones in the Big Clifty Sandstone Member of the Fraileys Shale.
Remarks
References
MCFARLAN, A. C., D. H. SWANN, F. H. WALKER, and EDMUND NOSOW, 1955, Some old Chester problems-Correlations of lower and middle Chester formations of western Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey Bulletin 16, 37 p.
ISGS Codes
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