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A list of all pages that have property "Caption" with value "Channel incision of delta sediments.". Since there have been only a few results, also nearby values are displayed.

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     (Channel incision of delta sediments.)
    • File:C605-Figure-59.jpg  + (Conceptual model of Pangea during a glaciaConceptual model of Pangea during a glacial episode of the Pennsylvanian. From Cecil,</br>C.B., F.T. Dulong, R.R. West, R. Stamm, B. Wardlaw, and N.T. Edgar, 2003b, Climate controls on the stratigraphy of a Middle Pennsylvanian cyclothem in North America, in C.B. Cecil and N.T. Edgar, eds., Climate controls on stratigraphy: SEPM Special Publication 77, p. 151–180. Copyright © 2003, used with permission of SEPM; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. ITCZ, intertropical</br>convergence zone.Inc. ITCZ, intertropical convergence zone.)
    • File:C605-Figure-60.jpg  + (Conceptual model of Pangea during an interConceptual model of Pangea during an interglacial episode of the Pennsylvanian. From Cecil, C.B., F.T. Dulong, R.R. West, R. Stamm, B. Wardlaw, and N.T. Edgar, 2003b, Climate controls on the stratigraphy of a Middle Pennsylvanian cyclothem in North America, in C.B. Cecil and N.T. Edgar, eds., Climate controls on stratigraphy: SEPM Special Publication 77, p. 151–180. Copyright © 2003, used with permission of SEPM; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. ITCZ, intertropical convergence zone.Inc. ITCZ, intertropical convergence zone.)
    • File:C605-Figure-02.jpg  + (Correlation chart showing the positions of key units within the Pennsylvanian Subsystem. Global and provincial stage boundaries and ages in millions of years (Ma) are after Gradstein et al. (2012)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"'.)
    • File:C605-Figure-12.jpg  + (Cross section of Galatia channel in American Coal’s Galatia Mine in Saline County, Illinois, based on core drilling and observations in mine.)
    • File:C605-Plate 4 - Effingham Channel Olney Xsec map.jpg  + (Cross section of the Effingham channel at Olney in Richland County, Illinois)
    • File:C605-Plate 4 - Effingham Channel Olney Xsec.jpg  + (Cross section of the Effingham channel at Olney in Richland County, Illinois)
    • File:C605-Plate 5 - Effingham Channel Stewardson Xsec map.jpg  + (Cross section of the Effingham channel near Stewardson in Effingham and Shelby Counties, Illinois)
    • File:C605-Plate 5 - Effingham Channel Stewardson Xsec.jpg  + (Cross section of the Effingham channel near Stewardson in Effingham and Shelby Counties, Illinois)
    • File:C605-Plate 3 - Galatia Channel Xsec Wabash Co map.jpg  + (Cross section of the Galatia channel in Wabash County, Illinois)
    • File:C605-Plate 3 -Galatia Chanel Xsec Wabash Co.jpg  + (Cross section of the Galatia channel in Wabash County, Illinois)
    • File:C605-Plate 2 - Galatia Channel Xsec Saline Co.jpg  + (Cross section of the Galatia channel near Raleigh in Saline County, Illinois)
    • File:C605-Plate 2 - Galatia Channel Xsec Saline Co map.jpg  + (Cross section of the Galatia channel near Raleigh in Saline County, Illinois)
    • File:C605-Plate 6 - Leslie Cemetery Channel Xsec map.jpg  + (Cross section of the Leslie Cemetery channel in Gibson and Warrick Counties, Indiana)
    • File:C605-Plate 6 - Leslie Cemetery Channel Xsec.jpg  + (Cross section of the Leslie Cemetery channel in Gibson and Warrick Counties, Indiana)
    • File:C605-Figure-61.jpg  + (Diagram illustrating the possible relationship of the Effingham and Galatia channels to Midcontinent cyclothems.)
    • File:C605-Figure-04.jpg  + (Diagram showing units between the Houchin Creek and Herrin Coals, including members newly named in this report.)
    • File:C605-Figure-46.jpg  + (Disruption of the Danville Coal, with the Disruption of the Danville Coal, with the seam “split” by a thick wedge of mudstone. Note the ragged splaying of coal into mudstone, with a thin coal stringer crossing diagonally from the lower to upper “bench.” The site is the box cut at a portal of the Prosperity Mine in Gibson County, Indiana.Prosperity Mine in Gibson County, Indiana.)
    • File:C605-Figure-26.jpg  + (Drawings from Meier and Harper (1981)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"' illustrating a major disruption of the Springfield Coal in AMAX Coal’s Wabash Mine in Wabash County, Illinois.)
    • File:Fig 0870 Photos 001.JPG  + (Fig_0870_Photos_001. Photo of the sandy fFig_0870_Photos_001. Photo of the sandy facies of the Hagarstown Member of the Pearl Formation. This photo was taken in 2006 at the Keyesport Sand and Gravel Pit in Clinton County, Illinois. More information on the stratigraphy and geologic history is provided in the FOP Guidebook of Grimley and Phillips (2015). The Sangamon Geosol solum (reddish brown) is developed into the upper couple meters of the unit in the photo. High-angle reverse faulting is interpreted to be from ice-block melting. The depositional environment is here interpreted to be an ice-walled channel. Photograph by David Grimley, May 2006.el. Photograph by David Grimley, May 2006.)
    • File:Fig 0870 Photos 002.JPG  + (Fig_0870_Photos_002. The Munie Pit in MadFig_0870_Photos_002. The Munie Pit in Madison County, Illinois. Pictured are David Grimley (ISGS) left and Gerry Berning (USDA-NRCS, Soil Scientist) on the right, for scale. Sangamon Geosol development is visible in the upper portion of the unit. This area contains fine sand beds, as well as areas with diamicton beds in the upper portion. It was therefore mapped as the mixed facies in some parts of the pit. Photograph by Andrew Philips, 2004.e pit. Photograph by Andrew Philips, 2004.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-1.jpg  + (Figure 4-1. Chart showing the development of the Pennsylvanian classification in the Illinois Basin. From the Tri-State Committee (2001). Used courtesy of the Tri-State Committee.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-10.jpg  + (Figure 4-10. Idealized diagram illustrating the merging of Davis and Dekoven Coals to form the Seelyville Coal, and the splitting of Dekoven Coal into Greenbush and Abingdon Coals. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-11.jpg  + (Figure 4-11. Thickness of the Seelyville Coal. Modified from Korose et al. (2002). Selected anticlines have been added. Copyright © 2002 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-12.jpg  + (Figure 4-12. Correlation of the SeelyvillFigure 4-12. Correlation of the Seelyville Coal Member and associated strata from Illinois to the Midcontinent Basin. Midcontinent data from Gentile and Thompson (2004), Pope (2012), Heckel (2013), and P.H. Heckel (personal communication, Aug. 1, 2014). Not to scale. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-13.jpg  + (Figure 4-13. Graphic log of the upper parFigure 4-13. Graphic log of the upper part of the Kentucky Geological Survey’s Gil-15 core, principal reference section for the Dekoven and Davis Coal Members. Location is in Carter section 5-M-18, Union County, Kentucky. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-14.jpg  + (Figure 4-14. Gamma ray/density and neutroFigure 4-14. Gamma ray/density and neutron log from the Peabody Natural Gas No. 2 Short borehole in sec. 14, T 7 S, R 7 E, Hamilton County, Illinois, illustrating the log response of Davis, Will Scarlet, Dekoven, and associated units. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-15.jpg  + (Figure 4-15. Graphic log of the ISGS No. 1 Morris borehole in Williamson County, the type section for the Will Scarlet Shale Member. Location is in sec. 6, T 10 S, R 4 E, Williamson County, Illinois. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-16.jpg  + (Figure 4-16. Thickness of the “parting in the Dekoven Coal.” Modified from Jacobson (1993). Copyright ©1993 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-17.jpg  + (Figure 4-17. Type section of the AbingdonFigure 4-17. Type section of the Abingdon Coal Member on a tributary of Brush Creek, central part of sec. 6, T 9 N, R 2 E, Knox County, Illinois. Based on ISGS unpublished field notes by H.R. Wanless (August 1929). © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-18.jpg  + (Figure 4-18. Map of the type area of the Colchester Coal, showing locations of the measured sections in Figure 4-19. Base map is a Colchester 7.5-minute topographic sheet, used courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-19.jpg  + (Figure 4-19. Measured sections from the tFigure 4-19. Measured sections from the type area of the Colchester Coal in McDonough County, Illinois. See Figure 4-18 for locations. Columns 1 and 5 from ISGS unpublished field notes by Nelson (1983). Column 2 from Wanless (1929). Copyright © 1929 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. Column 3 from ISGS unpublished field notes by D.L. Reinertsen and R.L. Berger (1959). Column 4 from ISGS unpublished field notes by D.L. Reinertsen and R.L. Berger (1959) and Nelson (1983). and R.L. Berger (1959) and Nelson (1983).)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-2.jpg  + (Figure 4-2. Reference section for the Carbondale Formation in western Illinois. After Kosanke et al. (1960). Current nomenclature is applied. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-20.jpg  + (Figure 4-20. Field sketch by W.J. Nelson Figure 4-20. Field sketch by W.J. Nelson (1983) illustrating apparent splitting of the Colchester Coal. Underclay and lower splits of coal are at the lower right. Separating the lower and upper coal benches is gray, weakly laminated siltstone that resembles normal Francis Creek Shale. No underclay or rooted zone was observed below the upper coal bench. This feature may have formed when the bulk of the Colchester peat deposit was rafted during early stages of Francis Creek deposition. Sandstone overlying the coal underwent compressional folding and shearing prior to lithification, possibly as a result of sediment compaction. Width of view: ~75 feet (23 m) laterally and 25 feet (7.6 m) vertically. Locality: Stream bank in Argyle Lake State Park, SE1/4 NE1/4 SW1/4, sec. 31, T 6 N, R 3 W, McDonough County. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-21.jpg  + (Figure 4-21. Type section of the Francis Creek Shale. Modified from Wanless (1957). Copyright © 1957 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-22.jpg  + (Figure 4-22. Log of Northern Illinois Gas borehole PON-62 in sec. 2, T 27 N, R 6 E, Livingston County, Illinois. This is a reference section for the Francis Creek Shale Member. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-23.jpg  + (Figure 4-23. Isopach map of the Francis Creek Shale. From Korose et al. (2003), modified from Smith et. al (1970). Copyright © 1970, 2003 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-24.jpg  + (Figure 4-24. Pods of Francis Creek Shale Figure 4-24. Pods of Francis Creek Shale above depressions in the Colchester Coal as exposed on the highwall at United Electric Coal Companies Banner Mine, SE1/4, NW1/4, sec. 12, T 6 N, R 5 E, Fulton County, Illinois. From Smith et al. (1970). Copyright © 1970 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-25.jpg  + (Figure 4-25. Wolf Bridge section in sec. 13, T 10 N, R 3 E, Knox County, Illinois, the reference section for the Oak Grove Member. From Smith et al. (1970). Copyright © 1970 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-26.jpg  + (Figure 4-26. Diagram showing how Wright (1965) interpreted regional relationships of the Oak Grove Member and adjacent units. Copyright © 1965 Cynthia R. Wright. Used with permission.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-27.jpg  + (Figure 4-27. Diagram from Wanless (1964), illustrating his hypothesis that the Wheeler and Bevier Coal Beds wedge out into the Oak Grove succession of marine shale and limestone. Used with permission of the Kansas Geological Survey.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-28.jpg  + (Figure 4-28. Graphic log from the Audubon Oil & Gas No. A-1 Green borehole in sec. 30, T 2 S, R 10 E, Edwards County, Illinois, reference section for the Purington Shale. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-29.jpg  + (Figure 4-29. Graphic log from the ISGS NoFigure 4-29. Graphic log from the ISGS No. 1 Eric Miller borehole in sec. 2, T 8 N, R 6 E, Peoria County, Illinois, the reference section for the Purington Shale. Coal and limestone units below the Colchester Coal have not been identified. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-3.jpg  + (Figure 4-3. Log of DTE Methane No. 11-1 LeFigure 4-3. Log of DTE Methane No. 11-1 Lexington borehole in sec. 11, T 6 S, R 2 E, </br>Franklin County, Illinois. This is the reference log for the Carbondale Formation. Lithologic patterns in the center column denote cored intervals. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-30.jpg  + (Figure 4-30. Type section of the Survant Coal Member, as described by Wier (1961). Data used under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-31.jpg  + (Figure 4-31. Graphic log of the Audubon Oil & Gas No. 1 Fritschle borehole in sec. 20, T 6 N, R 9 E, Jasper County, Illinois, the reference section for the Wheeler and Bevier Coals in Illinois. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-32.jpg  + (Figure 4-32. Graphic log for the ISGS No. 1 CNX Railroad borehole in sec. 8, T 9 N, R 12 W, Clark County, Illinois, the reference section for the Survant Coal (merged Wheeler and Bevier Coals). © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-33.jpg  + (Figure 4-33. Graphic logs of three cores from Iowa illustrating the Wheeler and Bevier Coals. From Ravn et al. (1984). Figure provided courtesy of the Iowa Geological Survey, the University of Iowa. These cores are reference sections for both units.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-34.jpg  + (Figure 4-34. Map showing the distribution of the Survant Coal and its components in Illinois. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-35.jpg  + (Figure 4-35. Graphic log from the AudubonFigure 4-35. Graphic log from the Audubon Oil & Gas No. 1 Birkner borehole in sec. 24, T 4 S, R 6 E, Hamilton County, Illinois, showing overthickened Survant Coal, evidently in a channel and analogous to the Cardiff, Kerton Creek, and Roodhouse coal beds. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.s. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-36.jpg  + (Figure 4-36. Gamma ray/microresitivity loFigure 4-36. Gamma ray/microresitivity log from the Elysium Energy No. 99 Coen borehole in sec. 9, T 3 N, R 9 E, Richland County, Illinois, illustrating the log response of the lower Carbondale Formation strata. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-37.jpg  + (Figure 4-37. Generalized section in the Cardiff area, northeastern Livingston County, Illinois, based on a composite of drilling records. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-38.jpg  + (Figure 4-38. Block diagram showing stratiFigure 4-38. Block diagram showing stratigraphic relationships of the lenticular Kerton Creek and Summum (now Houchin Creek) coals to adjacent strata and the channel of Pleasantview sandstone cutting to Colchester Coal. From Wanless (1952, figure 3). Used with permission of the Nova Scotia Geological Survey.sion of the Nova Scotia Geological Survey.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-39.jpg  + (Figure 4-39. Drawing showing the Kerton Creek Coal with middle clastic layer, which may be the division between the Wheeler and Bevier Coals. From Searight (unpublished manuscript, 1925-1927, figure 22).)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-4.jpg  + (Figure 4-4. Thickness of the Carbondale Formation in Illinois. From Willman et al. (1975), based on a map by K.E. Clegg. Copyright ©1975 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-40.jpg  + (Figure 4-40. Composite section of Roodhouse Coal, based on ISGS unpublished field notes by G.H. Cady, T.A. Hendricks, J.R. Van Pelt Jr., and H.R. Wanless. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-41.jpg  + (Figure 4-41. Reference section of the LagFigure 4-41. Reference section of the Lagonda Member in Illinois, a composite of a graphic log based on continuous core from the ISGS Elysium Energy No. 1 borehole and the gamma ray/resistivity log from the closely adjacent Elysium Energy No. 7 Wasson </br>borehole, both in sec. 27, T 4 N, R 9 E, Richland County, Illinois. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-42.jpg  + (Figure 4-42. Reference section for the Breezy Hill Limestone Member in La Salle County, Illinois. From Smith et al. (1970). Copyright © 1970 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-43.jpg  + (Figure 4-43. Section from the ravine northeast of Summum, showing the Houchin Creek Coal and enclosing strata. Data from Wanless (1957, p. 204-205). © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-44.jpg  + (Figure 4-44. Graphic log of core (partialFigure 4-44. Graphic log of core (partial) from Freeman United Coal Mining Company hole C-1-74 in sec. 23, T 12 N, R 6 W, Macoupin County, Illinois, the principal reference section for the Excello Shale and Houchin Creek Coal Members in Illinois. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-45.jpg  + (Figure 4-45. Graphic logs from three cores drilled by Rust E & I in St. Clair County, Illinois, illustrating the unnamed gray shale that locally occurs between the Houchin Creek Coal and the Excello Shale. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-46.jpg  + (Figure 4-46. Type section of the Hanover Limestone Member, based on ISGS unpublished field notes by J.R. Van Pelt Jr. and T.A. Hendricks (1927). © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-47.jpg  + (Figure 4-47. Four graphic columns from thFigure 4-47. Four graphic columns from the St. Louis area illustrating local thickening of the Hanover Member on the flank of the Ozark Dome. Column 1 from data from Rubey (1952) and ISGS unpublished field notes by H.R. Wanless et al. Column 2 modified from Knight (1933) and Searight (1959), with data from Gentile and Thompson (2004). Knight (1933) reprinted by permission of the American Journal of Science. Searight (1959) used with permission of the Missouri Geological Survey. Column 3 from unpublished data by W.J. Nelson and J.A. Devera. Column 4 modified from Nelson (2005). Copyright © 2005 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-48.jpg  + (Figure 4-48. Type section of the Covel Conglomerate Bed. From ISGS unpublished field notes by H.B. Willman (1929, 1930). © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-49.jpg  + (Figure 4-49. Gamma-ray, density, and lithologic log from the Energy Plus ME-13 borehole in sec. 31, T 4 S, R 6 E, Hamilton County, Illinois, the type section for the Delafield Member. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-5.jpg  + (Figure 4-5. Chart showing the chronostratFigure 4-5. Chart showing the chronostratigraphic classification and correlations among the Illinois, Midcontinent, and Northern Appalachian Basins for the Carbondale Formation and adjacent strata. Data from Peppers (1996) and Heckel (2013). Not to scale. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-50.jpg  + (Figure 4-50. Thickness (in feet) of the cFigure 4-50. Thickness (in feet) of the clastic interval between the Houchin Creek and Springfield Coals, here named the Delafield Member. Map from Nelson et al. (2020), after Wanless et al. (1970). Copyright © 2020 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-51.jpg  + (Figure 4-51. Graphic columns of two sections in Fulton County, Illinois, illustrating the Delafield or Morgan School Member. Data from Wanless (1957). Note “extra” coal (Briar Hill?) in left column. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-52.jpg  + (Figure 4-52. Generalized section from La Salle County, northern Illinois, showing what may be the Delafield or Morgan School Member. Modified from Willman and Payne (1942). Copyright © 1942 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-53.jpg  + (Figure 4-53. Gamma ray/resistivity log from the Peabody Natural Gas No. 2 Short test hole in sec. 14, T 7 5, R 9 E, Hamilton County, Illinois, illustrating the Delafield Member and bounding units. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-54.jpg  + (Figure 4-54. Graphic log of the Kerr-McGee No. 7629-16 borehole in sec. 29, T 7 S, R 6 E, Saline County, Illinois, the type section of the Galatia Member. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-55.jpg  + (Figure 4-55. Cross section of the Galatia channel based on logs of oil-test holes near Raleigh in Saline County, Illinois. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-56.jpg  + (Figure 4-56. Graphic log based on core from an Abandoned Mines Reclamation Council borehole in sec. 21, T 16 N, R 4 W, Sangamon County, Illinois, the principal reference section for the Springfield Coal Member. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-57.jpg  + (Figure 4-57. Map showing the thickness ofFigure 4-57. Map showing the thickness of the Springfield Coal in Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky. From ISGS unpublished map by W.J. Nelson (2014), modified from Hatch and Affolter (2002). Original figure used courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.ed courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-58.jpg  + (Figure 4-58. Type section of the Dykersburg Shale in Williamson County, Illinois, based on ISGS unpublished field notes by M.E. Hopkins and R.A. Peppers (February 1967). © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-59.jpg  + (Figure 4-59. Graphic logs of two Pyro Mining Company boreholes in Saline County, Illinois, the reference sections for the Dykersburg Shale. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-6.jpg  + (Figure 4-6. Measured section of the SeelyFigure 4-6. Measured section of the Seelyville Coal in its type area south of Seelyville in Clay County, Indiana. The section was formerly exposed in the highwall of the Amax Coal Company Chinook surface mine in NE1/4, sec. 19, T 12 N, R 12 W, Clay County, Indiana (after ISGS mine notes described by J.T. Popp, R.J. Jacobson, and J.C. Cobb). Modified from Jacobson (1987), using current terminology. Copyright © 1987 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-60.jpg  + (Figure 4-60. Composite section based on 15 cored test holes at the Turner Mine site, the type locality for the Turner Mine Shale Member. From Nelson (1983a). Copyright © 1983 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-61.jpg  + (Figure 4-61. Logs of ISGS McCormick No. 1 borehole in sec. 21, T 8 S, R 8 E, Gallatin County, Illinois, the reference sections for Canton Shale, Briar Hill Coal, and Big Creek Shale. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-62.jpg  + (Figure 4-62. Map of the Streator, IllinoiFigure 4-62. Map of the Streator, Illinois, area showing the locations of the Klein Bridge and Greenhouse sections of Willman and Payne (1942) and the location of Spring Lake. Modified from Willman and Payne (1942). Copyright © 1942 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. Base map is a Streator 15-minute topographic sheet, used courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.ed courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-63.jpg  + (Figure 4-63. Klein Bridge and Greenhouse Figure 4-63. Klein Bridge and Greenhouse sections of Willman and Payne (1942), the reference sections for the Vermilionville Sandstone Member. These sections also illustrate the presence of the Energy Shale Member above the Herrin Coal in northern Illinois. Data from Willman and Payne (1942, p. 295). © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-64.jpg  + (Figure 4-64. Reference section for the VeFigure 4-64. Reference section for the Vermilionville Sandstone Member. </br>Data from Wanless (1957, p. 207, geologic section 44). Location is a ravine in </br>E1/₂ SE1/₄, sec. 8, T 6 N, R 3 E, Fulton County, Illinois. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-65.jpg  + (Figure 4-65. Section based on data from WFigure 4-65. Section based on data from Willman and Payne (1942) in which the Vermilionville Sandstone, as they called it, directly underlies the Herrin Coal. This sandstone actually represents the Walshville Member. Location is on the south bank of the Vermilion River in sec. 31, T 33 N, R 2 E, LaSalle County, Illinois. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-66.jpg  + (Figure 4-66. Type section of the Antioch Limestone Member, based on data from Wier (1961). Data used under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-67.jpg  + (Figure 4-67. Graphic log based on core from Kentucky Geological Survey borehole WKUG-9 drilled in Carter section 17-P-19, Union County, Kentucky. This is the reference section for the Briar Hill Coal. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-68.jpg  + (Figure 4-68. Diagram modified from Willman and Payne (1942) illustrating the relationship of Spring Lake Coal to adjacent units. Copyright © 1942 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-69.jpg  + (Figure 4-69. Graphic log based on core frFigure 4-69. Graphic log based on core from Peabody Energy borehole no. 15-H7, sec. 15, T 6 N, R 8 W, Sullivan County, Indiana, the reference section for the Bucktown Coal Member of previous authors. After Willman and Payne (1942). Copyright © 1942 Illinois State Geological Survey.t © 1942 Illinois State Geological Survey.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-7.jpg  + (Figure 4-7. Graphic log of Indiana GeologFigure 4-7. Graphic log of Indiana Geological Survey borehole SDH-306 in sec. 2, T 2 S, R 7 W, Pike County, Indiana. Data from Hasenmueller and Ault (1991). This core is the reference section for the underlined members. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-70.jpg  + (Figure 4-70. Graphic log of part of the core from Arch Minerals borehole 57 in sec. 14, T 6 S, R 4 W, Perry County, Illinois, the type section of the Percy Limestone Member (new to this report). © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-71.jpg  + (Figure 4-71. Graphic column at Burning Star No. 4 Mine showing the Percy Limestone Member. Modified from Palmer and Dutcher (1979). Copyright © 1979 University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-72.jpg  + (Figure 4-72. Correlations between IllinoiFigure 4-72. Correlations between Illinois and Missouri, with special reference to the Higginsville (Missouri) and Percy (Illinois) Limestone Members. Left column © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. Right column modified from Gentile and Thompson (2004). Used with permission of the Missouri Geological Survey.mission of the Missouri Geological Survey.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-73.jpg  + (Figure 4-73. Five well logs illustrating the Walshville channel and Walshville Member in Franklin County, southern Illinois. Well 2 is the type log for the Walshville Member. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-74.jpg  + (Figure 4-74. Graphic log of the Madison Coal Corp. No. 25 borehole from sec. 12, T 8 S, R 3 E, Williamson County, Illinois, the reference section for the Herrin Coal Member. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-75.jpg  + (Figure 4-75. Photograph illustrating the Figure 4-75. Photograph illustrating the great thickness of the Herrin Coal close to the Walshville channel. This photograph was taken circa 1915 in the Old Ben No. 9 underground mine near West Frankfort in Franklin County, Illinois. Wearing a soft cap with open-flame carbide lamp and smoking a pipe, the miner is undercutting the coal seam in preparation for drilling shot holes and blasting with black powder. Photograph donated to ISGS by the Illinois Mining Institute. to ISGS by the Illinois Mining Institute.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-76.jpg  + (Figure 4-76. Hand specimen of “blue band.” Photograph 2008 by Scott D. Elrick. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-77.jpg  + (Figure 4-77. The “blue band” at a site where the Herrin Coal is reduced to thin streaks of coal, box cut at the Francisco Mine, Gibson County, Indiana. Photograph 2010 by Scott D. Elrick. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-78.jpg  + (Figure 4-78. Graphic log of Freeman Coal Figure 4-78. Graphic log of Freeman Coal Company borehole No. 06-01-72 drilled in sec. 16, T 3 S, R 2 E, Jefferson County, Illinois. This core serves as a reference section for the Energy Shale and Anna Shale Members. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-79.jpg  + (Figure 4-79. Lens of Energy Shale sharply truncated by Anna Shale in the Orient No. 4 underground mine, Williamson County, Illinois. Photograph 1976 from ISGS files. The geologist is Christopher Ledvina. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-8.jpg  + (Figure 4-8. Graphic log of part of the Snow Hill Coal Corp. Talleydale Mine boring no. 1, a reference section for the Seelyville Coal Member. Location is in sec. 20, T 13 N, R 9 W, Vigo County, Indiana. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
    • File:Penn carbondale 4-80.jpg  + (Figure 4-80. Thin lens of Energy Shale trFigure 4-80. Thin lens of Energy Shale truncated with an angular contact by the overlying Anna Shale at the Orient No. 4 underground mine, Williamson County, Illinois. Laminations in the Energy Shale can be seen on the left side of the photograph. The knobby lower surface of the Brereton Limestone can be seen at the top of the image. Approximate height of view is 5 ft (1.5 m). Photograph 1976 from ISGS files. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees. University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)