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• File:C605-Figure-32.jpg  + (Graphic log of core from Richland County, … Graphic log of core from Richland County, Illinois, showing filling of the Effingham channel. The core shows two upward-fining sequences, the lower having tidal rhythmites in the upper part. The borehole is ISGS No. 1 Elysium (Hazel Farm) in sec. 27, T4N, R9E (county no. 25922).) in sec. 27, T4N, R9E (county no. 25922).)
• File:C605-Figure-06.jpg  + (Graphic logs from cores serving as type se … Graphic logs from cores serving as type sections of the newly named members: (a) Energy Plus borehole no. ME-13 in sec. 31, T4S, R6E, type section of the Delafield Member. (b) Kerr-McGee borehole no. 7629-16 in sec. 29, T7S, R6E, Saline County, type section of the Galatia Member.ounty, type section of the Galatia Member.)
• File:C605-Figure-33.jpg  + (Interpretive cross section of the Effingham channel in Richland County, Illinois, showing two stages of infilling, with local coal at the top of the lower stage.)
• File:C605-Figure-42.jpg  + (Interpretive cross section of the Herrin Coal, Walshville channel, and Energy Shale.)
• File:C605-Figure-48.jpg  + (Interpretive cross section of the Oraville channel.)
• File:C605-Figure-45.jpg  + (Interpretive cross section of the Winslow-Henderson channel. BR, Brereton Limestone; HR, Herrin Coal; BH/BT, Briar Hill/Bucktown Coal; SD/AC, St. David/Alum Cave Limestone; TM, Turner Mine Shale.)
• File:C605-Figure-37.jpg  + (Interpretive diagram showing sequential de … Interpretive diagram showing sequential development of the Leslie Cemetery channel. (a) The Francisco channel is eroded and filled with sediment, largely sand. (b) Springfield peat accumulates in swale left by the abandoned channel. (c) Flowing water reoccupies the channel during the later stages of peat accumulation. Peat encroaches from the margins as the channel migrates laterally. (d) A marine incursion drowns the region and deposits black shale and limestone. Channel filling inverts the topography because of differential compaction.graphy because of differential compaction.)
• File:C605-Figure-07.jpg  + (Isopach map of the Delafield Member. After Wanless et al. (1970)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"'. Thicknesses are in feet.)
• File:C605-Figure-41.jpg  + (Isopach map of the Francis Creek Shale.)
• File:C605-Figure-38.jpg  + (Map and cross section of the Terre Haute channel. From Friedman (1960)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"'. Courtesy of the Indiana Geological and Water Survey. Lines of cross section are shown on the map.)
• File:C605-Figure-25.jpg  + (Map and cross section of the disturbance in the Dering Coal Company No. 2 Mine, Saline County, Illinois. Redrafted from field sketches by Rolf Roley and G.H. Cady in the ISGS archives.)
• File:C605-Figure-24.jpg  + (Map and cross section of the disturbance in the Sahara No. 20 Mine, Saline County, Illinois.)
• File:Penn carbondale 4-55 map.jpg  + (Map for Figure 4-55. Cross section of Galatia channel in Raleigh area, Saline County. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
• File:C605-Figure-08.jpg  + (Map from Potter (1962)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000006-QINU`"', showing the thickness (in feet) of sandstone between the Houchin Creek and Springfield Coals, with the Galatia channel (from Hopkins 1968'"`UNIQ--ref-00000007-QINU`"') superimposed.)
• File:C605-Figure-30.jpg  + (Map from Potter (1962)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"' showing the Effingham channel as described in this report.)
• File:C605-Figure-39.jpg  + (Map of the Illinois Basin showing channels and gray shale wedges affecting the Murphysboro, Colchester, Herrin, Baker, and Danville Coals.)
• File:C605-Figure-01.jpg  + (Map of the Illinois Basin showing the exte … Map of the Illinois Basin showing the extent of Pennsylvanian rocks, thickness of the Springfield Coal, and channels interrupting the coal. From Finley et al. (2005)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"'. Straight lines separating polygons are artifacts of mapping protocol in original.artifacts of mapping protocol in original.)
• File:C605-Figure-35.jpg  + (Map of the Leslie Cemetery channel prepared for this study, using information from boreholes and mines. Lines of section for Figure 36 and Plate 6 are shown.)
• File:C605-Plate-01.jpg  + (Map of the southeastern part of the Illinois Basin showing the thickness of the Springfield Coal, channels that affect the coal, and major structural features)
• File:C605-Figure-43.jpg  + (Map showing the Walshville channel and sulfur content of the Herrin Coal. After Treworgy et al. (2000)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"'. The four named areas of low-sulfur coal are all associated with thick Energy Shale adjacent to the channel.)
• File:C605-Figure-44.jpg  + (Map showing the Winslow–Henderson channel.)
• File:C605-Figure-10.jpg  + (Map showing the thickness and mined areas of the Springfield Coal throughout Illinois. After Treworgy et al. (1999)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"'. Straight lines separating polygons are artifacts of mapping protocol in original.)
• File:C605-Figure-14.jpg  + (Map showing the thickness of the Dykersburg Member in the vicinity of Galatia channel in southeastern Illinois. From Treworgy et al. (1999)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"'.)
• File:C605-Figure-47.jpg  + (Map showing the thickness of the Murphysboro Coal near the Oraville channel in Jackson and Perry Counties, southwestern Illinois. From Jacobson (1983)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000001-QINU`"')
• File:C605-Figure-34.jpg  + (Maps of the Leslie Cemetery channel. (a) R … Maps of the Leslie Cemetery channel. (a) Regional map showing the relationship to other channels. (b) Map of the northern part of the Leslie Cemetery channel, with the thickness of the Folsomville Member. From Eggert (1984), The Leslie Cemetery and Francisco distributary fluvial channels in the Petersburg Formation (Pennsylvanian) of Gibson County, Indiana, U.S.A., in R.A. Rahmani and R.M. Flores, eds., Sedimentology of coal and coal-bearing sequences: International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 7 p. 311, 313. Copyright © 1984 The International Association of Sedimentologists.rnational Association of Sedimentologists.)

• File:C605-Figure-18.jpg  + (Photograph of an upright tree stump, rooted at the top of the coal and encased in mudstone of the Dykersburg Member, at American Coal’s Galatia Mine in Saline County, Illinois.)
• File:C605-Figure-29.jpg  + (Photograph of interlaminated carbonaceous shale and bright to dull coal close to the margin of the Sullivan channel in the Oaktown Mine in Knox County, Indiana.)
• File:C605-Figure-28.jpg  + (Photograph of interlaminated carbonaceous shale and bright to dull coal close to the margin of the Sullivan channel in the Oaktown Mine in Knox County, Indiana.)
• File:C605-Figure-19.jpg  + (Photograph of “rolls” at the top of the Sp … Photograph of “rolls” at the top of the Springfield Coal, filled with Dykersburg sediments, at American Coal’s Millennium Mine in Saline County, Illinois. Ragged splaying of coal layers at the margins of rolls evokes fibrous peat layers ripped out by strong currents.peat layers ripped out by strong currents.)
• File:C605-Figure-15.jpg  + (Photograph showing rhythmic lamination in … Photograph showing rhythmic lamination in sandy facies of the Dykersburg Member in American Coal’s Millennium Mine, Saline County, Illinois. Enlarged view at right. Reprinted from Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 487, p. 74, W.A. DiMichele, S.D. Elrick, and W.J. Nelson, Vegetational zonation in a swamp forest, Middle Pennsylvanian, Illinois Basin, U.S.A., indicates niche differentiation in a wetland plant community. Copyright 2017, with permission from Elsevier.right 2017, with permission from Elsevier.)
• File:C605-Figure-16.jpg  + (Photograph showing rhythmic lamination in sandy facies of the Dykersburg Member in the Millennium Mine, with lamination offlapping the top of the coal. Sediment thus was deposited in a wedge, prograding from left to right.)
• File:C605-Figure-09.jpg  + (Photograph showing underclay of the Springfield Coal at American Coal’s Galatia Mine, Saline County, Illinois. Field of view approximately 5 ft (1.5 m) square.)
• File:C605-Figure-21.jpg  + (Photographs of siltstone “splits” in the S … Photographs of siltstone “splits” in the Springfield Coal. (a) Upper “bench” of coal splitting into multiple layers, with ragged splaying of lower coal layers at the Millennium Mine. (b) Contact between the upper coal bench and a massive siltstone split in American Coal’s Millennium Mine, approximately 0.6 mi (1 km) west of the main Galatia channel. Notice the complete absence of root traces in the siltstone.e absence of root traces in the siltstone.)
• File:C605-Figure-17.jpg  + (Photographs showing large, well-preserved fronds of fossil plant foliage (Laevenopteris?) in the Dykersburg Member at Millennium Mine, Saline County, Illinois.)
• File:C605-Figure-20.jpg  + (Photographs showing the Springfield Coal “ … Photographs showing the Springfield Coal “split” by massive siltstone in the Millennium Mine. The lower view is a close-up of the upper view. Notice the ragged splaying of coal layers into the siltstone from both above and below, with one coal stringer crossing diagonally from the lower to the upper coal “bench.” Combined with the absence of roots beneath the upper bench, such geometry implies that the upper part of the peat deposit was rafted. Enlarged view at right. Brown and yellow stains resulted from iron-rich water seeping through the coal. iron-rich water seeping through the coal.)
• File:C605-Figure-13.jpg  + (Photographs showing the ragged, erosive co … Photographs showing the ragged, erosive contact between the light-colored siltstone of the Dykersburg Member and the underlying coaly shale of the Galatia Member in the channel crossing at the Galatia Mine, Saline County, Illinois. (a) View of the east wall of the entry. Coaly shale of the Galatia Member grades laterally northward (left, out of view) to shaly Springfield Coal. The pick is approximately 2 ft (60 cm) long. (b) Close-up view on the west wall of the entry. The heart of the Galatia channel is south (left) of view. Notice how erosion undercut the clay below layers of tough, fibrous peat. clay below layers of tough, fibrous peat.)
• File:C605-Figure-11.jpg  + (Photographs showing thinly interlaminated shale and dull to bright coal along margins of the Galatia channel at the Prosperity Mine in Gibson County, Indiana. The lower frame is a closer view of the upper. The ruler is graduated in 0.1-ft intervals.)
• File:Penn carbondale plate4-1.jpg  + (Plate 4-1. Generalized chart showing named members and beds of the Carbondale Formation. All are members unless “bed” is specified. © University of Illinois Board of Trustees.)
• File:C605-Figure-23.jpg  + (Profile view of the disturbance Figure 21b in the Millennium Mine. The map shows the relationship to the Galatia channel.)
• File:C605-Figure-22.jpg  + (Profile view of the disturbance in Figure 21a in the Millennium Mine, Saline County, Illinois.)
• File:C605-Figure-03.jpg  + (Satellite image of the mouth of the Mississippi River showing natural levees and crevasse splays. Fron Earthstar Geographic SIO, © 2020.)
• File:C605-Figure-58.jpg  + (Stage 10: Marine regression begins the next cycle.)
• File:C605-Figure-49.jpg  + (Stage 1: Deposition of the Delafield Member as a series of coalescing deltas during the onset of a glacial stage as the sea level began to fall. The product is a thick succession of clastic rocks that coarsen upward.)
• File:C605-Figure-50.jpg  + (Stage 2: Channel incision of delta sediments.)
• File:C605-Figure-51.jpg  + (Stage 3: The Galatia channel developed a meander belt.)
• File:C605-Figure-52.jpg  + (Stage 4: The change to a humid climate caused the Springfield peat to begin to form.)
• File:C605-Figure-53.jpg  + (Stage 5: Springfield peat accumulates across a large area of the basin.)
• File:C605-Figure-54.jpg  + (Stage 6: A warming climate brought rapid melting of the glaciers and a sea-level rise. The Galatia channel became an estuary, subject to strong tidal currents.)
• File:C605-Figure-55.jpg  + (Stage 7: Peat swamps drowned as the estuary became an embayment. Dykersburg sediments rapidly buried the peat.)
• File:C605-Figure-56.jpg  + (Stage 8: As the transgression continued apace, the entire basin area was submerged in deep water, which became stratified and anoxic, and black mud (Turner Mine Shale) was deposited.)