Abbott Formation
Lithostratigraphy: McCormick Group >>Abbott Formation
Chronostratigraphy: Paleozoic Erathem >>Pennsylvanian Subsystem >>Atokan Series
Allostratigraphy: Absaroka Sequence
Primary source
Willman, H. B., Elwood Atherton, T. C. Buschbach, Charles Collinson, John C. Frye, M. E. Hopkins, Jerry A. Lineback, and Jack A. Simon, 1975, Handbook of Illinois Stratigraphy: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 95, 261 p.
Contributing author(s)
M. E. Hopkins and J. A. Simon
Name
Original description
The Abbott Formation of the McCormick Group (Kosanke et al., 1960, p. 30, 44).
Derivation
Named for Abbott Station on the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad, Pope County.
Other names
History/background
Type section
Type location
The type section is exposed along the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad (5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 11S-5E).
Type author(s)
Type status
Reference section
Reference location
Reference author(s)
Reference status
Stratigraphic relationships
The Abbott Formation overlies the Caseyville and extends from the top of the Pounds Sandstone Member to the top of the Bernadotte Sandstone Member of western Illinois, which has been correlated with the Murray Bluff Sandstone Member of southern Illinois (fig. P-2). In subsurface, both the top and base of the Abbott are commonly difficult to determine. Only the sandstones and some of the coals have been named. In southern Illinois the Abbott overlaps the Caseyville Formation northward and is the basal formation of the Pennsylvanian System throughout most of the state outside the area of Caseyville strata. The Abbott is overlain by the Spoon Formation, which overlaps it in northern and northeastern Illinois and on some prominent anticlinal structures.
Extent and thickness
The Abbott Formation has a maximum thickness of 300-350 feet in southern Illinois, but in western Illinois even where it is well developed it is generally less than 100 feet thick.
Lithology
The Abbott Formation is similar to the Caseyville Formation in being composed primarily of detrital rocks, but it differs from the Caseyville in containing thicker, more widespread coals and in the character of the sandstones. The sandstones in the Abbott are generally finer grained, thinner in maximum development, contain more interstitial clay and mica flakes, and have no more than a few quartz granules and pebbles. These characteristics are transitional; the lower sandstones in the Abbott more closely resemble those in the Caseyville and the upper are similar to the impurer sandstones of the overlying Spoon Formation. Abbott shales are similar to those of the Caseyville but are in general less sandy. About half of the formation is shale; no named limestone units occur in the Abbott Formation. Calcareous sandstones, sandy limestones, and a few shale units contain marine fossils locally.
Core(s)
Photograph(s)
Contacts
Well log characteristics
Fossils
Age and correlation
Two marine limestones in southwestern Indiana (the Fulda and Ferdinand Members) and the Lead Creek Limestone Member in western Kentucky occur in strata equivalent to the lower part of the Abbott Formation in Illinois, as the associated coal floras show. The Abbott Formation is equivalent to the uppermost part of the Caseyville Formation and the lower part of the Tradewater Formation in western Kentucky and to the upper part of the Mansfield and essentially all of the Brazil Formation in Indiana.
Environments of deposition
Economic importance
"Bellair 800”, “Burtschi”, “Casey”, “Mansfield”, “Dagley”, “Partlow”, and “3rd and 4th Siggins" are informal names applied to producing zones in the Abbott Formation.
Remarks
References
KOSANKE, R. M., J. A. SIMON, H. R. WANLESS, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Pennsylvanian strata of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 214, 84 p.
ISGS Codes
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