https://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=DavidGrimley&feedformat=atomILSTRAT - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T13:56:45ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.38.4https://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Hagarstown_Member&diff=19842Hagarstown Member2022-09-15T19:18:31Z<p>DavidGrimley: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Pearl Formation<br />
|tree1=Pearl Formation<br />
|tree2=Hagarstown Member<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
KILLEY, M.M., and J.A. LINEBACK, 1983, Stratigraphic reassignment of the Hagarstown Member in Illinois, in Geologic Notes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 529, p. 13–16.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye (1970); Kiley M. and Lineback J. (1983); Grimley D.A. (2010); Grimley and Walkowska (2017)<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Hagarstown Member of the Glasford Formation was informally named the Hagarstown beds by Jacobs and Lineback (1969, p. 12), for the south-central Illinois region.<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
It was named for Hagarstown, Fayette County, 5 miles west of the type section.<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
The Hagarstown Member was original introduced informally by Jacobs and Lineback (1969). It was formalized as the Hagarstown Member of the Glasford Formation by Willman and Frye (1970), and was originally noted to be stratigraphically above the Vandalia Member of the Glasford Formation. However, similar ice-contact deposits also occur above the Radnor Member of the Glasford Formation (notably mapped by Lineback, 1979). The Hagarstown Member is also associated with sand and gravel deposits of the Pearl Formation. To make its stratigraphic classification more analogous to that of the last glacial Wasco Member of the Henry Formation (now the Wasco facies), the Hagarstown Member was reclassified to be a member of the Pearl Formation (Killey and Lineback, 1983). Its use as a member of the Glasford Formation was also formally abandoned (Killey and Lineback, 1983). Since 2010, detailed mapping in the Kaskaskia River Basin has recognized two mappable facies (informal) of the Hagarstown Member, a sandy facies and a mixed facies (Grimley, 2010; Grimley and Walkowska, 2017). These facies were first used by Grimley (2010), but have been used on multiple 1:24,000 quadrangle maps in southwestern Illinois where differentiation of these facies seemed practical. The sandy facies would generally be more favorable for economic use of the aggregate.<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type section is the Hickory Ridge Section (Jacobs and Lineback, 1969, p. 20), SW NW Sec. 20, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Fayette County. The original description on page 20 lists Section 30, but this is believed to be a typographical mistake. Based on the location of this section in Fig. 2 of Jacobs and Lineback (1969) and the location of the gravel pit on a topographic map of this era, the type section is believed to be in Section 20, T6N, R1E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
Jacobs and Lineback (1969) introduced informally; formalized by Willman and Frye (1970)<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
The sand and gravel pit of the type section (Hickory Ridge Section) was visited on a 2011 Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene field trip (Grimley and Phillips, 2015); the section studied in 2011 was probably within about 500 m (generally to the north) of the original type section of Jacobs and Lineback (1969).<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The Hagarstown Member contains the Sangamon Geosol solum in the upper 2 m of the unit (if uneroded). The Hagarstown Member is generally overlain by the Roxana Silt and Peoria Silt (last glacial loess or resedimented loess). The Hagarstown may overlie the Glasford Formation, older Quaternary units, or bedrock.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
It is probably more than 100 feet thick in some of the higher ridges. In surface expression the Hagarstown Member is the material of the elongate ridges, referred to as the "ridged drift," and of the sheet of dominantly water-laid sediments between the ridges. Its geographic distribution, origin, and composition have been described by Jacobs and Lineback (1969).<br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
It consists of gravelly till, poorly sorted gravel, well sorted gravel, and sand.<br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
The Hagarstown Member is in either the early Jubileean or late Monican Substage of the Illinoian Stage.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
Ice-contact sediments; in ice-walled channels, ice-walled fans; eskers, kames, crevasse-fills, reentrants or other ice-contact environments<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
In some areas , the Hagarstown Member is mined for sand and gravel; beds of fine sand to gravelly sands are typical in the sandy facies of this unit (generally eskers and ice-walled channels); the mixed facies of this unit is generally too variable to be used economically (with interbeds of diamicton, silt, and clay); sand and gravel pits are most notably found in the Kaskaskia River Basin (see Jacobs and Lineback, 1969; Grimley and Phillips, 2015), but also locally in northwestern, central and southeastern Illinois in ridges on the Illinois Episode till plain. Thick deposits of the Hagarstown Member in the subsurface are also of importance for groundwater use.<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
JACOBS, A. M., and J. A. LINEBACK, 1969, Glacial geology of the Vandalia, Illinois, region: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 442, 24 p.<br />
WILLMAN, H.B. and J.C. FRYE, 1970, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
LINEBACK, J.A., 1979, compiler, Quaternary deposits of Illinois. 1:500,000 scale map.<br />
KILLEY, M.M., and J.A. LINEBACK, 1983, Stratigraphic reassignment of the Hagarstown Member in Illinois, in Geologic Notes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 529, p. 13–16.<br />
GRIMLEY, D.A., 2010, Surficial Geology of Mascoutah Quadrangle, St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological , Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Mascoutah-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 9 p.<br />
GRIMLEY D.A . and PHILLIPS A.C., editors. 2015. Ridges, Mounds, and Valleys: Glacial-Interglacial History of the Kaskaskia Basin, Southwestern Illinois, 55th Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference (2011), Illinois State Geological Survey, Guidebook 41, 124 p.<br />
GRIMLEY, D.A., and K.A. WALKOWSKA, 2017, Surficial geology of Keyesport Quadrangle, Clinton, Bond, and Fayette Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Keyesport-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 10 p.<br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0870<br />
|geo_unit=pl-h<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Hagarstown_Member&diff=19841Hagarstown Member2022-09-15T19:12:01Z<p>DavidGrimley: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Pearl Formation<br />
|tree1=Pearl Formation<br />
|tree2=Hagarstown Member<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
KILLEY, M.M., and J.A. LINEBACK, 1983, Stratigraphic reassignment of the Hagarstown Member in Illinois, in Geologic Notes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 529, p. 13–16.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye (1970); Kiley M. and Lineback J. (1983); Grimley D.A. (2010); Grimley and Walkowska (2017)<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Hagarstown Member of the Glasford Formation was informally named the Hagarstown beds by Jacobs and Lineback (1969, p. 12), for the south-central Illinois region.<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
It was named for Hagarstown, Fayette County, 5 miles west of the type section.<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
The Hagarstown Member was original introduced informally by Jacobs and Lineback (1969). It was formalized as the Hagarstown Member of the Glasford Formation by Willman and Frye (1970), and was originally noted to be stratigraphically above the Vandalia Member of the Glasford Formation. However, similar ice-contact deposits also occur above the Radnor Member of the Glasford Formation (notably mapped by Lineback, 1979). The Hagarstown Member is also associated with sand and gravel deposits of the Pearl Formation. To make its stratigraphic classification more analogous to that of the last glacial Wasco Member of the Henry Formation (now the Wasco facies), the Hagarstown Member was reclassified to be a member of the Pearl Formation (Killey and Lineback, 1983). Its use as a member of the Glasford Formation was also formally abandoned (Killey and Lineback, 1983). Since 2010, detailed mapping in the Kaskaskia River Basin has recognized two mappable facies (informal) of the Hagarstown Member, a sandy facies and a mixed facies (Grimley, 2010; Grimley and Walkowska, 2017). These facies were first used by Grimley (2010), but have been used on multiple 1:24,000 quadrangle maps in southwestern Illinois where differentiation of these facies seemed practical. The sandy facies would generally be more favorable for economic use of the aggregate. <br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type section is the Hickory Ridge Section (Jacobs and Lineback, 1969, p. 20), SW NW Sec. 20, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Fayette County. The original description on page 20 lists Section 30, but this is believed to be a typographical mistake. Based on the location of this section in Fig. 2 of Jacobs and Lineback (1969) and the location of the gravel pit on a topographic map of this era, the type section is believed to be in Section 20, T6N, R1E. <br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
Jacobs and Lineback (1969) introduced informally; formalized by Willman and Frye (1970)<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
The sand and gravel pit of the type section (Hickory Ridge Section) was visited on a 2011 Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene field trip (Grimley and Phillips, 2015); the section studied in 2011 was probably within about 500 m (generally to the north) of the original type section of Jacobs and Lineback (1969).<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The Hagarstown Member contains the Sangamon Geosol solum in the upper 2 m of the unit (if uneroded). The Hagarstown Member is generally overlain by the Roxana Silt and Peoria Silt (last glacial loess or resedimented loess). The Hagarstown may overlie the Glasford Formation, older Quaternary units, or bedrock. <br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
It is probably more than 100 feet thick in some of the higher ridges. In surface expression the Hagarstown Member is the material of the elongate ridges, referred to as the "ridged drift," and of the sheet of dominantly water-laid sediments between the ridges. Its geographic distribution, origin, and composition have been described by Jacobs and Lineback (1969).<br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
It consists of gravelly till, poorly sorted gravel, well sorted gravel, and sand.<br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
The Hagarstown Member is in either the early Jubileean or late Monican Substage of the Illinoian Stage.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
Ice-contact sediments; in ice-walled channels, ice-walled fans; eskers, kames, crevasse-fills, reentrants or other ice-contact environments<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
in some areas , the Hagarstown Member is mined for sand and gravel; beds of fine sand to gravelly sands are typical in the sandy facies of this unit (generally eskers and ice-walled channels); the mixed facies of this unit is generally too variable to be used economically (with interbeds of diamicton, silt, and clay); sand and gravel pits are most notably found in the Kaskaskia River Basin (see Jacobs and Lineback, 1969; Grimley and Phillips, 2015), but also locally in northwestern, central and southeastern Illinois in ridges on the Illinois Episode till plain<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
JACOBS, A. M., and J. A. LINEBACK, 1969, Glacial geology of the Vandalia, Illinois, region: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 442, 24 p.<br />
WILLMAN, H.B. and J.C. FRYE, 1970, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
LINEBACK, J.A., 1979, compiler, Quaternary deposits of Illinois. 1:500,000 scale map.<br />
KILLEY, M.M., and J.A. LINEBACK, 1983, Stratigraphic reassignment of the Hagarstown Member in Illinois, in Geologic Notes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 529, p. 13–16.<br />
GRIMLEY, D.A., 2010, Surficial Geology of Mascoutah Quadrangle, St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological , Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Mascoutah-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 9 p.<br />
GRIMLEY D.A . and PHILLIPS A.C., editors. 2015. Ridges, Mounds, and Valleys: Glacial-Interglacial History of the Kaskaskia Basin, Southwestern Illinois, 55th Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference (2011), Illinois State Geological Survey, Guidebook 41, 124 p.<br />
GRIMLEY, D.A., and K.A. WALKOWSKA, 2017, Surficial geology of Keyesport Quadrangle, Clinton, Bond, and Fayette Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Keyesport-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 10 p.<br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0870<br />
|geo_unit=pl-h<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Hagarstown_Member&diff=19840Hagarstown Member2022-09-15T18:25:48Z<p>DavidGrimley: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Pearl Formation<br />
|tree1=Pearl Formation<br />
|tree2=Hagarstown Member<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye (1970); Kiley M. and Lineback J. (1983); Grimley D.A. (2010); Grimley and Walkowska (2017)<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Hagarstown Member of the Glasford Formation was informally named the Hagarstown beds by Jacobs and Lineback (1969, p. 12), for the south-central Illinois region.<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
It was named for Hagarstown, Fayette County, 5 miles west of the type section.<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type section is the Hickory Ridge Section (Jacobs and Lineback, 1969, p. 20), SW NW Sec. 30, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Fayette County.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
Jacobs and Lineback (1969) introduced informally; formalized by Willman and Frye (1970)<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The Hagarstown Member lies stratigraphically above the Vandalia Till and contains the Sangamon Soil at the top. It is commonly overlain by Wisconsinan loesses.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
It is probably more than 100 feet thick in some of the higher ridges. In surface expression the Hagarstown Member is the material of the elongate ridges, referred to as the "ridged drift," and of the sheet of dominantly water-laid sediments between the ridges. Its geographic distribution, origin, and composition have been described by Jacobs and Lineback (1969).<br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
It consists of gravelly till, poorly sorted gravel, well sorted gravel, and sand.<br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
The Hagarstown Member is in either the early Jubileean or late Monican Substage of the Illinoian Stage.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
Ice-contact sediments; in ice-walled channels, ice-walled fans; eskers, kames, crevasse-fills, reentrants or other ice-contact environments<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
in some areas , the Hagarstown Member is mined for sand and gravel; beds of fine sand to gravelly sands are typical in the sandy facies of this unit (generally eskers and ice-walled channels); the mixed facies of this unit is generally too variable to be used economically (with interbeds of diamicton, silt, and clay); sand and gravel pits are most notably found in the Kaskaskia River Basin (see Jacobs and Lineback, 1969; Grimley and Phillips, 2015), but also locally in northwestern, central and southeastern Illinois in ridges on the Illinois Episode till plain<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
JACOBS, A. M., and J. A. LINEBACK, 1969, Glacial geology of the Vandalia, Illinois, region: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 442, 24 p.<br />
WILLMAN, H.B. and J.C. FRYE, 1970, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
KILLEY, M.M., and J.A. LINEBACK, 1983, Stratigraphic reassignment of the Hagarstown Member in Illinois, in Geologic Notes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 529, p. 13–16.<br />
GRIMLEY, D.A., 2010, Surficial Geology of Mascoutah Quadrangle, St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological , Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Mascoutah-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 9 p.<br />
GRIMLEY D.A . and PHILLIPS A.C., editors. 2015. Ridges, Mounds, and Valleys: Glacial-Interglacial History of the Kaskaskia Basin, Southwestern Illinois, 55th Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference (2011), Illinois State Geological Survey, Guidebook 41, 124 p.<br />
GRIMLEY, D.A., and K.A. WALKOWSKA, 2017, Surficial geology of Keyesport Quadrangle, Clinton, Bond, and Fayette Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Keyesport-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 10 p.<br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0870<br />
|geo_unit=pl-h<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Hagarstown_Member&diff=19838Hagarstown Member2022-09-15T18:18:23Z<p>DavidGrimley: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Pearl Formation<br />
|tree1=Pearl Formation<br />
|tree2=Hagarstown Member<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye (1970); Kiley M. and Lineback J. (1983); Grimley D.A. (2010); Grimley and Walkowska (2017)<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Hagarstown Member of the Glasford Formation was informally named the Hagarstown beds by Jacobs and Lineback (1969, p. 12), for the south-central Illinois region.<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
It was named for Hagarstown, Fayette County, 5 miles west of the type section.<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type section is the Hickory Ridge Section (Jacobs and Lineback, 1969, p. 20), SW NW Sec. 30, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Fayette County.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
Jacobs and Lineback (1969) introduced informally; formalized by Willman and Frye (1970)<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The Hagarstown Member lies stratigraphically above the Vandalia Till and contains the Sangamon Soil at the top. It is commonly overlain by Wisconsinan loesses.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
It is probably more than 100 feet thick in some of the higher ridges. In surface expression the Hagarstown Member is the material of the elongate ridges, referred to as the "ridged drift," and of the sheet of dominantly water-laid sediments between the ridges. Its geographic distribution, origin, and composition have been described by Jacobs and Lineback (1969).<br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
It consists of gravelly till, poorly sorted gravel, well sorted gravel, and sand.<br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
The Hagarstown Member is in either the early Jubileean or late Monican Substage of the Illinoian Stage.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
Ice-contact sediments; in ice-walled channels, ice-walled fans; eskers, kames, crevasse-fills, reentrants or other ice-contact environments<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
in some areas , the Hagarstown Member is mined for sand and gravel; beds of fine sand to gravelly sands are typical in the sandy facies of this unit (generally eskers and ice-walled channels); the mixed facies of this unit is generally too variable to be used economically (with interbeds of diamicton, silt, and clay); sand and gravel pits are most notably found in the Kaskaskia River Basin (see Jacobs and Lineback, 1969; Grimley and Phillips, 2015), but also locally in northwestern, central and southeastern Illinois in ridges on the Illinois Episode till plain<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
JACOBS, A. M., and J. A. LINEBACK, 1969, Glacial geology of the Vandalia, Illinois, region: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 442, 24 p.<br />
WILLMAN, H.B. and J.C. FRYE, 1970, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
KILLEY, M.M., and J.A. LINEBACK, 1983, Stratigraphic reassignment of the Hagarstown Member in Illinois, in Geologic Notes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 529, p. 13–16.<br />
GRIMLEY, D.A., 2010, Surficial Geology of Mascoutah Quadrangle, St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological GRIMLEY D.A . and PHILLIPS A.C., editors. 2015. Ridges, Mounds, and Valleys: Glacial-Interglacial History of the Kaskaskia Basin, Southwestern Illinois, 55th Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference (2011), Illinois State Geological Survey, Guidebook 41, 124 p.<br />
GRIMLEY, D.A., and K.A. WALKOWSKA, 2017, Surficial geology of Keyesport Quadrangle, Clinton, Bond, and Fayette Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Keyesport-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 10 p.<br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0870<br />
|geo_unit=pl-h<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16893Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T20:19:25Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Berg RC, McKay ED III, Goble RJ,Wang H. 2013. Age of the Winnebago Formation of north-central Illinois as determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating. Illinois State Geological Survey. Circular 580, 15 p. <br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quaternary Research<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
The unit is now considered to be late Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry; 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010)<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was originally defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br> <br />
However, the Sangamon Geosol is now known to occur stratigraphically above the Winnebago Formation (but is largely eroded due to periglacial processes).<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member (note: this unit now abandoned; Curry, 1989) below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below. In the subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. This unit occurs in Boone and Winnebago Counties of north-central Illinois.<br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_2.jpg|{{file:94-tb_2.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_4.jpg|{{file:94-tb_4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="Table 5 -- Selected Analyses from Stratigraphic Sections Described in Table 6 (X-ray analyses by H. D. Glass, Illinois State Geological Survey)." widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_5-a.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-a.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-b.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-b.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-c.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-c.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-d.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-d.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-e.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-e.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally interpreted to have been deposited within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage (Willman and Frye, 1970). However, it is now interpreted to have been deposited during later phases of the Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry, 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010; Berg et al., 2013). The occurrence of the Sangamon Geosol developed into the Winnebago Formation is patchy because of periglacial erosion during the last glaciation. Deposition of the Winnebago Formation is largely related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
Citation: Berg RC, McKay ED III, Goble RJ,Wang H. 2013. Age of the Winnebago Formation of north-central Illinois as determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating. Illinois State Geological Survey. Circular 580, 15 p.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Berg RC, McKay ED III, Goble RJ,Wang H. 2013. Age of the Winnebago Formation of north-central Illinois as determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating. Illinois State Geological Survey. Circular 580, 15 p.<br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quaternary Research<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16892Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T20:18:25Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Berg RC, McKay ED III, Goble RJ,Wang H. 2013. Age of the Winnebago Formation of north-central Illinois as determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating. Illinois State Geological Survey. Circular 580, 15 p. <br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quaternary Research<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
The unit is now considered to be late Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry; 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010)<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was originally defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br> <br />
However, the Sangamon Geosol is now known to occur stratigraphically above the Winnebago Formation (but is largely eroded due to periglacial processes).<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member (note: this unit now abandoned; Curry, 1989) below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below. In the subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. This unit occurs in Boone and Winnebago Counties of north-central Illinois.<br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_2.jpg|{{file:94-tb_2.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_4.jpg|{{file:94-tb_4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="Table 5 -- Selected Analyses from Stratigraphic Sections Described in Table 6 (X-ray analyses by H. D. Glass, Illinois State Geological Survey)." widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_5-a.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-a.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-b.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-b.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-c.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-c.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-d.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-d.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-e.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-e.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally interpreted to have been deposited within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage (Willman and Frye, 1970). However, it is now interpreted to have been deposited during later phases of the Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry, 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010; Berg et al., 2013). The occurrence of the Sangamon Geosol developed into the Winnebago Formation is patchy because of periglacial erosion during the last glaciation. Deposition of the Winnebago Formation is largely related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
Citation: Berg RC, McKay ED III, Goble RJ,Wang H. 2013. Age of the Winnebago Formation of north-central Illinois as determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating. Illinois State Geological Survey. Circular 580, 15 p.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
Berg RC, McKay ED III, Goble RJ,Wang H. 2013. Age of the Winnebago Formation of north-central Illinois as determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating. Illinois State Geological Survey. Circular 580, 15 p.<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quaternary Research<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16891Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T20:16:51Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Primary source */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Berg RC, McKay ED III, Goble RJ,Wang H. 2013. Age of the Winnebago Formation of north-central Illinois as determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating. Illinois State Geological Survey. Circular 580, 15 p. <br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quaternary Research<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
The unit is now considered to be late Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry; 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010)<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was originally defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br> <br />
However, the Sangamon Geosol is now known to occur stratigraphically above the Winnebago Formation (but is largely eroded due to periglacial processes).<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member (note: this unit now abandoned; Curry, 1989) below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below. In the subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. This unit occurs in Boone and Winnebago Counties of north-central Illinois.<br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_2.jpg|{{file:94-tb_2.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_4.jpg|{{file:94-tb_4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="Table 5 -- Selected Analyses from Stratigraphic Sections Described in Table 6 (X-ray analyses by H. D. Glass, Illinois State Geological Survey)." widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_5-a.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-a.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-b.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-b.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-c.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-c.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-d.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-d.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-e.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-e.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally interpreted to have been deposited within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage (Willman and Frye, 1970). However, it is now interpreted to have been deposited during later phases of the Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry, 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010; Berg et al., 2013). The occurrence of the Sangamon Geosol developed into the Winnebago Formation is patchy because of periglacial erosion during the last glaciation. Deposition of the Winnebago Formation is largely related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
Citation: Berg RC, McKay ED III, Goble RJ,Wang H. 2013. Age of the Winnebago Formation of north-central Illinois as determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating. Illinois State Geological Survey. Circular 580, 15 p.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16890Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T20:16:08Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Age and correlation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quatern. Res.<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
The unit is now considered to be late Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry; 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010)<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was originally defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br> <br />
However, the Sangamon Geosol is now known to occur stratigraphically above the Winnebago Formation (but is largely eroded due to periglacial processes).<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member (note: this unit now abandoned; Curry, 1989) below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below. In the subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. This unit occurs in Boone and Winnebago Counties of north-central Illinois.<br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_2.jpg|{{file:94-tb_2.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_4.jpg|{{file:94-tb_4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="Table 5 -- Selected Analyses from Stratigraphic Sections Described in Table 6 (X-ray analyses by H. D. Glass, Illinois State Geological Survey)." widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_5-a.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-a.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-b.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-b.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-c.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-c.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-d.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-d.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-e.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-e.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally interpreted to have been deposited within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage (Willman and Frye, 1970). However, it is now interpreted to have been deposited during later phases of the Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry, 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010; Berg et al., 2013). The occurrence of the Sangamon Geosol developed into the Winnebago Formation is patchy because of periglacial erosion during the last glaciation. Deposition of the Winnebago Formation is largely related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
Citation: Berg RC, McKay ED III, Goble RJ,Wang H. 2013. Age of the Winnebago Formation of north-central Illinois as determined by optically stimulated luminescence dating. Illinois State Geological Survey. Circular 580, 15 p.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16889Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T20:12:12Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Extent and thickness */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quatern. Res.<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
The unit is now considered to be late Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry; 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010)<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was originally defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br> <br />
However, the Sangamon Geosol is now known to occur stratigraphically above the Winnebago Formation (but is largely eroded due to periglacial processes).<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member (note: this unit now abandoned; Curry, 1989) below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below. In the subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. This unit occurs in Boone and Winnebago Counties of north-central Illinois.<br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_2.jpg|{{file:94-tb_2.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_4.jpg|{{file:94-tb_4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="Table 5 -- Selected Analyses from Stratigraphic Sections Described in Table 6 (X-ray analyses by H. D. Glass, Illinois State Geological Survey)." widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_5-a.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-a.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-b.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-b.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-c.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-c.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-d.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-d.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-e.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-e.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
Radiocarbon dates determined from the formation are listed in table 1. <br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_1.jpg|{{file:94-tb_1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation is entirely within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage. It is related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16888Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T20:11:56Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Extent and thickness */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quatern. Res.<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
The unit is now considered to be late Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry; 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010)<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was originally defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br> <br />
However, the Sangamon Geosol is now known to occur stratigraphically above the Winnebago Formation (but is largely eroded due to periglacial processes).<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member (note: this unit now abandoned; Curry, 1989) below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below. In the subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. This unit occurs in Boone and Winnebago Counties of north-central Illinois.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-fig_6.jpg|{{file:94-fig_6.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_2.jpg|{{file:94-tb_2.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_4.jpg|{{file:94-tb_4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="Table 5 -- Selected Analyses from Stratigraphic Sections Described in Table 6 (X-ray analyses by H. D. Glass, Illinois State Geological Survey)." widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_5-a.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-a.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-b.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-b.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-c.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-c.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-d.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-d.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-e.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-e.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
Radiocarbon dates determined from the formation are listed in table 1. <br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_1.jpg|{{file:94-tb_1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation is entirely within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage. It is related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16887Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T20:10:40Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Stratigraphic relationships */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quatern. Res.<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
The unit is now considered to be late Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry; 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010)<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was originally defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br> <br />
However, the Sangamon Geosol is now known to occur stratigraphically above the Winnebago Formation (but is largely eroded due to periglacial processes).<br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation was originally subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member (note: this unit now abandoned; Curry, 1989) below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below. In the subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. The geographic distribution of the formation at the surface is indicated on the map in figure 6.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-fig_6.jpg|{{file:94-fig_6.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_2.jpg|{{file:94-tb_2.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_4.jpg|{{file:94-tb_4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="Table 5 -- Selected Analyses from Stratigraphic Sections Described in Table 6 (X-ray analyses by H. D. Glass, Illinois State Geological Survey)." widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_5-a.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-a.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-b.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-b.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-c.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-c.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-d.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-d.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-e.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-e.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
Radiocarbon dates determined from the formation are listed in table 1. <br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_1.jpg|{{file:94-tb_1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation is entirely within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage. It is related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16886Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T20:09:11Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Stratigraphic relationships */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quatern. Res.<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
The unit is now considered to be late Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry; 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010)<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was originally defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br> <br />
However, the Sangamon Geosol is now known to occur stratigraphically above the Winnebago Formation (but is largely eroded due to periglacial processes).<br />
<br />
It is subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member (note: this unit now abandoned; Curry, 1989) below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below the Plano Silt. In the subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members. The spatial relation of the Winnebago to adjacent stratigraphic units is shown diagrammatically in figure 8.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-fig_8.jpg|{{file:94-fig_8.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. The geographic distribution of the formation at the surface is indicated on the map in figure 6.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-fig_6.jpg|{{file:94-fig_6.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_2.jpg|{{file:94-tb_2.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_4.jpg|{{file:94-tb_4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="Table 5 -- Selected Analyses from Stratigraphic Sections Described in Table 6 (X-ray analyses by H. D. Glass, Illinois State Geological Survey)." widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_5-a.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-a.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-b.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-b.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-c.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-c.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-d.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-d.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-e.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-e.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
Radiocarbon dates determined from the formation are listed in table 1. <br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_1.jpg|{{file:94-tb_1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation is entirely within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage. It is related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16885Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T20:06:29Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Original description */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quatern. Res.<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
The unit is now considered to be late Illinois Episode (Berg et al., 1985; Curry; 1989; Hansel and McKay, 2010)<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br><br />
<br />
It is subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below the Plano Silt. In the<br />
subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members. The spatial relation of the Winnebago to adjacent stratigraphic units is shown diagrammatically in figure 8.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-fig_8.jpg|{{file:94-fig_8.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. The geographic distribution of the formation at the surface is indicated on the map in figure 6.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-fig_6.jpg|{{file:94-fig_6.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_2.jpg|{{file:94-tb_2.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_4.jpg|{{file:94-tb_4.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="Table 5 -- Selected Analyses from Stratigraphic Sections Described in Table 6 (X-ray analyses by H. D. Glass, Illinois State Geological Survey)." widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_5-a.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-a.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-b.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-b.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-c.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-c.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-d.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-d.jpg}}<br />
94-tb_5-e.jpg|{{file:94-tb_5-e.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
Radiocarbon dates determined from the formation are listed in table 1. <br><br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-tb_1.jpg|{{file:94-tb_1.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation is entirely within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage. It is related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16884Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T19:48:58Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Primary source */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quatern. Res.<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br><br />
<br />
It is subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below the Plano Silt. In the<br />
subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members. The spatial relation of the Winnebago to adjacent stratigraphic units is shown diagrammatically in figure 8.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-fig_8.jpg|{{file:94-fig_8.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. The geographic distribution of the formation at the surface is indicated on the map in figure 6.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
94-fig_6.jpg|{{file:94-fig_6.jpg}}<br />
</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
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</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
Radiocarbon dates determined from the formation are listed in table 1. <br><br />
<br />
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<br />
The Winnebago Formation is entirely within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage. It is related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Winnebago_Formation&diff=16883Winnebago Formation2018-10-11T19:48:21Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Primary source */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree1=Winnebago Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Willman, H. B., and John C. Frye, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br />
Berg, R.C., Kempton, J.P., Follmer, L.R., McKenna, D.P., 1985. Illinoian<br />
and Wisconsinan stratigraphy and environments in northern Illinois:<br />
the Altonian revised. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook<br />
19, 177 pp.<br />
Curry, B.B., 1989. Absence of Altonian glaciation in Illinois. Quatern. Res.<br />
31, 1–13.<br />
Hansel, A.K., McKay, E.D., III, 2010. Quaternary period. In: Kolata, D.R.,<br />
Nimz, C.K. (Eds.), Geology of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey,<br />
Champaign, IL, USA, pp. 216–247.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
H. B. Willman and John C. Frye<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
The Winnebago Formation was informally named Winnebago drift (Frye and Willman, 1960) for Winnebago County, as a replacement for the term Farmdale drift (Shaffer, 1956). The term was formalized as a formation in 1969 (Frye et al.).<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
The type locality was designated as the Rock Valley College Section and adjacent exposures and Northwest Tollway borings No. 2 and No. 5 (Kempton, 1963, p. 38). The type section is in the Rock Valley College Section, SW NW SW Sec. 10, T. 44 N., R. 2 E.<br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The formation was defined to include those glacial deposits bounded by the Farmdale Soil at the top and the Sangamon Soil at the base.<br><br />
<br />
It is subdivided into three named members: the Capron Till Member at the top, the Plano Silt Member below the Capron, and the Argyle Till Member below the Plano Silt. In the<br />
subsurface below the Argyle are silts, tills, and some outwash that have not been differentiated into members. The spatial relation of the Winnebago to adjacent stratigraphic units is shown diagrammatically in figure 8.<br />
<br />
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<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
In the type section the Winnebago consists of 1.5 feet of Peoria Loess overlying 6 feet of leached till and 7 feet of calcareous, pink, sandy and cobbly till. The till is the Argyle Till Member of the Winnebago Formation. The Winnebago Formation probably is as much as 400 feet thick in the deeper bedrock valleys. The geographic distribution of the formation at the surface is indicated on the map in figure 6.<br />
<br />
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</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Winnebago Formation consists of tills, silts, peats, and outwash. The formation has been described in detail from deep core borings in Kane and McHenry Counties (Kempton, ''in'' Frye and Willman, 1965a), and its textural and mineral composition has been described (Frye et al., 1969). <br><br />
<br />
Compositional data are given in tables 2, 4, and 5.<br><br />
<br />
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</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
Radiocarbon dates determined from the formation are listed in table 1. <br><br />
<br />
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|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
The Winnebago Formation is entirely within the Altonian Substage of the Wisconsinan Stage. It is related largely to glacial advances from the Lake Michigan Lobe and possibly the Green Bay Lobe.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
FRYE, J. C., H. D. GLASS, J. P. KEMPTON, and H. B. WILLMAN, 1969, Glacial Tills of Northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 437, 47 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1960, Classification of the Wisconsinan Stage in the Lake Michigan Glacial Lobe: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 285, 16 p.<br><br />
FRYE, J. C., and H. B. WILLMAN, 1965a, [Illinois part of] Guidebook for field conference C—Upper Mississippi Valley (R. P. Goldthwait [organizer]; C. B. Schultz and H. T. U. <br />
Smith [eds.]): International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, Nebraska Academy of Science, p. 81-110; Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1966-B (supplemental data, J. P. Kempton and H. D. Glass, p. C-S1-C-S11), 41 p.<br><br />
KEMPTON, J. P., 1963, Subsurface Stratigraphy of Pleistocene Deposits of Central-Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 356, 43 p.<br><br />
SHAFFER, P. R., 1956, Farmdale drift in northwestern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 198, 25 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0640<br />
|geo_unit=wi<br />
}}</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Equality_Formation&diff=16559Equality Formation2017-03-03T16:17:29Z<p>DavidGrimley: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Editwithform}}<br />
{{Tree<br />
|category1=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|category2=Quaternary System<br />
|category3=Pleistocene Series<br />
|category4=Mason Group<br />
|category5=Equality Formation<br />
|tree1=Mason Group<br />
|tree2=Equality Formation<br />
|tree21=Cenozoic Erathem<br />
|tree22=Quaternary System<br />
|tree23=Pleistocene Series<br />
}}<br />
==Primary source==<br />
Hansel, Ardith K., and W. Hilton Johnson, 1996, Wedron and Mason Groups: Lithostratigraphic Reclassification of Deposits of the Wisconsin Episode, Lake Michigan Lobe Area: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 104, 116 p.<br />
<br />
==Contributing author&#40;s&#41;==<br />
Ardith K. Hansel and W. Hilton Johnson<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
<br />
===Original description===<br />
Equality Formation (Willman and Frye 1970).<br />
<br />
===Derivation===<br />
Equality, a village in Gallatin County, southeastern Illinois.<br />
<br />
===Other names===<br />
<br />
===History&#47;background===<br />
The Equality Formation was defined by Willman and Frye (1970) to include lake sediment that occurs at the surface or underlies loess or Holocene deposits. Tongues of equivalent lake sediment interfingered with till units of the Wedron and Winnebago Formations were separated from the Equality Formation by vertical boundaries and classified as part of the till units (fig. 3). In addition to deposits of ice-contact, kettle, and proglacial lakes, Willman and Frye (1970) also included deposits of large slackwater lakes in back-flooded valleys tributary to the major meltwater drainageways in the formation. They classified similar fine grained deposits that occur stratigraphically below the Sangamon Geosol as the Teneriff Silt (Illinoian Stage). <br.<br />
<br />
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</center><br />
<br />
Willman and Frye (1970) divided the Equality Formation into two members, the Carmi and Dolton, which constitute sedimentary facies. They included the relatively deep-water, finer grained sediment consisting predominantly of silt and clay in the Carmi Member and the near-shore, coarser grained sediment consisting predominantly of sand and gravel in the Dolton Member. The members are not differentiated where neither type of sediment dominates. <br><br />
<br />
In this report, the Equality Formation is redescribed to (1) exclude generic criteria from its definition, (2) include laterally equivalent tongues of sediment that interfinger with diamicton units of the Wedron Group or other sorted-sediment units of the Mason Group, and (3) include laminated red and gray clay beneath Lake Michigan that formerly was classified as the Lake Michigan Formation. As redescribed, the Equality Formation consists of relatively fine grained, stratified sediment of predominantly silt and clay, overlies the Sangamon Geosol, and intertongues with units of the Wedron and Mason Groups or surficial units (fig. 9c). The redescription excludes the coarser grained Dolton Member (Willman and Frye 1970) as part of the Equality Formation. Instead, the stratified sand and gravel formerly classified as the Dolton Member is included in the Henry Formation as an informal facies to which the name "Dolton" is applied. When the Equality Formation is restricted to the finer grained facies, it is similar in concept to the Carmi Member; therefore, the latter name is abandoned. <br><br />
<br />
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<br />
Two former formations, the Lake Michigan (Willman and Frye 1970) and the Peddicord (Willman et al. 1971), are classified as part of the Equality Formation: the former as a member and the latter as a tongue. On the basis of seismic profiles and 55 cores collected from the southern two-thirds of Lake Michigan, Colman and Foster (1990), Foster and Colman (1991), and Colman et al. (1994) found that the laminated red clay of the lower Lake Michigan Formation grades laterally into stratified diamicton and sorted sediment interfingered with more massive diamicton tongues of the Wedron Group. They concluded that the lower red part of the former Lake Michigan Formation was a distal facies of the more ice-proximal stratified sediment of the Equality Formation. Herein, the upper gray to brown part of the former Lake Michigan Formation is classified as the Lake Michigan Member of the Equality Formation, whereas the underlying red laminated sediment, which Colman and Foster found to be separated from the upper part by a gradational contact in deep basins or the Chippewa unconformity in shallow water, is classified as undivided Equality Formation. <br><br />
<br />
Originally (Willman et. al. 1971), the Peddicord Formation was defined to include gray and pink silt that had accumulated in a lake confined to the buried Ticona drainage system. Because Willman et al. (1971) correlated organic-rich silt above the gray and pink silt of the Peddicord Formation with the Robein Silt of the Farmdalian Substage in the type area (Morris North Section), they also classified the Peddicord Formation as part of the Farmdalian Substage. New exposures at Wedron, the type section of the Peddicord Formation, indicate the above correlation was in error (Johnson et al. 1985a); the laminated silt and clay facies classified as the Peddicord Formation stratigraphically overlies the Robein Silt (fig. 12 [herein classified as the Robein Member of the Roxana Silt]). In the type area, the Peddicord silt and clay is similar in clay-mineral composition to diamicton of the Tiskilwa Formation. <br><br />
<br />
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</center><br />
<br />
The fine grained stratified sequence found in the buried Ticona drainage system near Wedron is in the same stratigraphic position as similar sediment that occurs predominantly in buried bedrock valleys or other low places in the pre-Michigan Subepisode landscape. Where this laminated silt and clay unit extends as a tongue beneath the Tiskilwa Formation, it is classified as the Peddicord Tongue of the Equality Formation (fig. 9c).<br />
<br />
==Type section==<br />
<br />
===Type location===<br />
Saline River Section, an exposure at a bridge excavation site, 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Equality. <br />
<br />
===Type author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Type status===<br />
No longer exposed.<br />
<br />
==Reference section==<br />
<br />
===Reference location===<br />
Core 9V, Lake Michigan; good for lithology and lower boundaries of Lake Michigan Member and undivided formation. Wedron and Charleston Sections; good for boundaries and lithology of Peddicord Tongue (figs. 12, 15).<br />
<br />
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</center><br />
<br />
===Reference author&#40;s&#41;===<br />
<br />
===Reference status===<br />
<br />
==Stratigraphic relationships==<br />
The Equality Formation consists of gray to red silt and clay, generally shows evidence of bedding structures, and occurs above the Sangamon Geosol. It intertongues with diamicton units of the Wedron Group, other formations of the Mason Group, particularly the Henry Formation, and some surficial units. Beneath Lake Michigan, the upper, gray part of the Equality Formation that is above the Chippewa unconformity and/or red clay and silt of the undivided formation is recognized as the Lake Michigan Member. The lower tongue of the formation that extends beneath the Delavan Member or undivided Tiskilwa Formation is recognized as the Peddicord Tongue.<br><br />
<br />
Where the Equality Formation contains distinct bedding structures, it is readily distinguishable from the more massive diamicton units of the Wedron Group and Winnebago and Glasford Formations. Where bedding structures are less apparent, the Equality Formation is sometimes similar to the finer grained diamicton units (e. g., the Yorkville Member of the Lemont Formation and the Wadsworth and Kewaunee Formations), but it is usually softer and better sorted. Although its contacts are sometimes gradational and interfingered, the Equality Formation is generally distinct from deposits of the other Mason Group formations, which are coarser grained or lack bedding structures. The presence of the Sangamon Geosol in the upper part of the Teneriffe and Loveland Silts and the Pearl Formation helps to distinguish these older sorted-sediment units from the Equality Formation.<br />
<br />
==Extent and thickness==<br />
Like the Henry Formation, the Equality Formation is present in nearly all of the counties inundated by the Lake Michigan Lobe during the Michigan Subepisode, but its distribution is patchy and discontinuous (plate 1). It is most extensive (1) beneath Lake Michigan, (2) beneath plains between end moraines or adjacent to Lake Michigan in northeastern Illinois, and (3) in low-lying plains adjacent to and in tributaries of the Wabash, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers in southern Illinois and the Green and Illinois Rivers in western Illinois. In the subsurface, tongues and lenses of the Equality Formation are present in some buried valleys and basins; they tend to pinch out in the up-ice direction beneath the Henry Formation or diamicton units of the Wedron Group. Locally, the Equality Formation is interfingered with or grades into the Henry Formation. The Equality Formation is extremely variable in thickness. Willman and Frye (1970) reported thicknesses ranging from less than 2 meters (6.6 ft) to more than 20 meters (65.6 ft) for the Equality Formation (former Carmi Member), but it is much thicker beneath Lake Michigan, where Foster and Colman (1991) infer thicknesses (i. e., the combined thickness of the former Equality and Lake Michigan Formations) greater than 50 meters (164 ft) in seismic profiles.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
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|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
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</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Lithology==<br />
The Equality Formation consists predominantly of brown to gray to red bedded silt and clay (fig. 31) that is similar in lithology to the silt- and clay-size fractions of diamicton units of the Wedron Group. Lonestones (isolated stones) and lenses of gravel, sand, diamicton, organic debris, and wood are present locally in the silt and clay. Bedding structures in the unit range from distinct rhythmites to fine indistinct laminae to more massive beds that locally contain lonestones but exhibit little apparent bedding.<br />
<br />
<center><br />
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|<gallery caption="" widths=250px heights=250px perrow=4><br />
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</gallery><br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
==Core&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Photograph&#40;s&#41;==<br />
<br />
==Contacts==<br />
Lower boundary: the contact with tongues of the Wedron Group, Peoria Silt, Henry and Roxana Formations, or the Loveland Silt, Pearl, Glasford, and Winnebago Formations, or older units. Upper boundary: the contact with the Wedron Group, Peoria Silt, and Henry Formation, or other units. The contact with the Henry Formation is commonly gradational and/or interfingered.<br />
<br />
==Well log characteristics==<br />
<br />
==Fossils==<br />
<br />
==Age and correlation==<br />
The Equality Formation was deposited during the Wisconsin and Hudson Episodes. Most of it probably ranges from about 26,000 radiocarbon years to modern, although some of it is older (appendix B2). It correlates with part of the Atherton and Martinsville Formations in Indiana (Wayne 1963) and unnamed units in Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa, and Missouri.<br />
<br />
==Environments of deposition==<br />
The Equality Formation is interpreted to be predominantly fine grained lacustrine sediment deposited in glacial and postglacial lakes. The sediment of former proglacial lakes records ice-distal and ice-proximal facies, and in some cases the rhythmites may reflect annual couplets (varves). These deposits in lakes and former lakes record the glacial to postglacial transition.<br />
<br />
==Economic importance==<br />
<br />
==Remarks==<br />
''Redescribed unit.'' Formation redescribed to remove lithogenetic concepts from its definition and recognized as intertonguing with diamicton units of the Wedron Group as well as other sorted-sediment units of the Mason Group; former Lake Michigan Formation lowered in rank to member of unit; former Peddicord Formation recognized as a formal tongue of unit.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
COLMAN, S. M., R. M. FORESTER, R. L. REYNOLDS, D. S. SWEETKIND, J. W. KING, P. GANGEMI, G. A. JONES, L. D. KEIGWIN, and D. S. FOSTER, 1994, Lake-level history of Lake Michigan<br />
for the past 12,000 years— The record from deep lacustrine sediments: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 73-92.<br><br />
COLMAN, S. M., and D. S. FOSTER, 1990, Stratigraphy, Descriptions, and Physical Properties of Sediments Cored in Lake Michigan: United States Geological Survey Open File Report 90-478, 92 p.<br><br />
FOSTER, D. S., and S. M. COLMAN, 1991, Preliminary Interpretation of the High-Resolution Seismic Stratigraphy Beneath Lake Michigan: United States Geological Survey Open File Report 91-21, 42 p.<br><br />
JOHNSON, W. H., A. K. HANSEL, B. J. SOCHA, and L. R. FOLLMER, 1985a, The Wedron Section, Stop 1, ''in'' W. H. Johnson, A. K. Hansel, B. J. Socha, and J. M. Masters, Depositional Environments and Correlation Problems of the Wedron Formation (Wisconsinan) in North-eastern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 16, p. 13-42.<br><br />
WAYNE, W. J., 1963, Pleistocene Formations of Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 25, 85 p.<br><br />
WILLMAN, H. B., and J. C. FRYE, 1970, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94, 204 p.<br><br />
WILLMAN, H. B., A. B. LEONARD, and J. C. FRYE, 1971, Farmdalian Lake Deposits and Faunas in Northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 467, 12 p.<br><br />
<br />
{{Codes<br />
|membercode=0220<br />
|geo_unit=e<br />
}}<br />
test</div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=User:DavidGrimley&diff=16558User:DavidGrimley2017-03-03T16:16:43Z<p>DavidGrimley: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Associate Quaternary Geologist'''<br><br />
'''Quaternary and Engineering Geology<br>'''<br />
217-244-7324<br><br />
217-244-2785 (Fax)<br><br />
[mailto:dgrimley@illinois.edu dgrimley@illinois.edu] <br />
== Education ==<br />
* Ph.D. University of Illinois, 1996<br><br />
* A.B. Colgate University, 1988<br><br />
<br />
== Research Interests ==<br />
* Stratigraphy, paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of Illinoian and pre-Illinoian sediments and paleosols in SW Illinois<br />
* Provenance of loess and lake sediment records, based on mineralogy, magnetic properties and elemental composition<br />
* Utilization of magnetic susceptibility for delineation of hydric (wetland) soils and for ecological restoration<br />
* Geomorphology and history of Illinoian glaciation in Illinois<br />
== Current Research Projects ==<br />
* Surficial geology mapping in the Kaskaskia River Basin in southwestern Illinois<br />
* Correlation of soil magnetic suscepitability to distribution of native tree and prairie species; utilization in restoration<br />
* Comparision of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of Wisconsinan, Illinoian and pre-Illinoian deposits in SW Illinois based on fossil assemblage, mineral and magnetic methods<br />
== Selected Publications: == <br />
O’ Brien, SL, Jastrow, JD, Grimley, DA, and Gonzalez-Meler, MA. 2015. Edaphic controls on soil organic carbon stocks in restored grasslands. Geoderma 251-252: 117-123.<br><br />
Voelker, SL, MC Stambaugh, RP Guyette, X Feng, DA Grimley, SW Leavitt, I Panyushkina, EC Grimm, JP Marsicek, B Shuman, BB Curry. 2015. Deglacial hydroclimate of midcontinental North America, Quaternary Research 83: 336-344.<br><br />
Pigati JS, McGeehin JP, Muhs DR, Grimley DA, Nekola JC. 2015. Radiocarbon dating loess deposits in the Mississippi Valley using terrestrial gastropod shells (Polygyridae, Helicinidae, and Discidae). Aeolian Research 16: 25-33.<br><br />
Grimley DA and Oches EA. 2015. Amino acid geochronology of gastropod-bearing Pleistocene units in Illinois, central USA. Quaternary Geochronology 25: 10-25.<br><br />
Webb ND, Grimley DA, Phillips AC, and BW Fouke. 2012. Origin of glacial ridges (OIS 6) in the Kaskaskia Sublobe, southwestern Illinois, USA. Quaternary Research 78: 341-352.<br><br />
Grimley DA and Phillips AC, editors. 2011. Ridges, Mounds, and Valleys: Glacial-Interglacial History of the Kaskaskia Basin, Southwestern Illinois, 55th Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference, Illinois State Geological Survey Open File Series 2011-1, 144 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A. and A.C. Phillips, 2011, Surficial Geology of St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois County Geologic Map, ICGM St. Clair County-SG, 2 sheets, 1:62,500.<br><br />
Curry BB, Grimley DA, and ED McKay III, 2011, Quaternary Glaciations in Illinois. In J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and P.D. Hughes, editors: Developments in Quaternary Science, v. 15, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 467-487.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., 2010, Surficial Geology of Mascoutah Quadrangle, St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Mascoutah-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 9 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and Webb, N.D., 2010, Surficial Geology of Red Bud Quadrangle, Randolph, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadranglex Map, IGQ Red Bud-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 15 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Larsen, D., Kaplan, S.W., Yansa. C.H., Curry, B.B., and Oches, E.A. 2009. A multi-proxy palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic record within full glacial lacustrine deposits, western Tennessee, USA. Journal of Quaternary Science 24: 260-981.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Wang, J-S., Liebert, D.A., and Dawson, J.O. 2008. Soil magnetic susceptibility: a quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration, Restoration Ecology 16: 657-667.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and Arruda, N.K. 2007. Observations of magnetite dissolution in poorly drained soils, Soil Science 172: 968-982.<br><br />
Treworgy, J.D., Saunders, J.J., and Grimley, D.A., 2007, Mammoth (Mammuthus sp.) excavation on a college campus in Western Illinois, USA, Quaternary International 169-170: 24-28.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A. and Phillips, A.C., 2006, Surficial Geology of Madison County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Madison County-SG, 1:100,000.<br><br />
Curry, B.B. and Grimley, D.A., 2006, Provenance, age, and environment of mid-Wisconsin Episode slackwater lake sediment in the St. Louis Metro East area, U.S.A., Quaternary Research, v. 65, p. 108-122.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Arruda, N.K., and M.W. Bramstedt, 2004, Using magnetic susceptibility to facilitate more rapid, reproducible, and precise delineation of hydric soils in the midwestern USA, Catena, v. 58, p. 183-213.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., L.R. Follmer, R.E. Hughes, and P.A. Solheid, 2003, Modern, Sangamon, and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois: Quaternary Science Reviews, v.22, p.225-244.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., B.J Stiff, and M.J. Andrew, 2001, Geologic road map of Illinois: Surface deposits and landscapes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Map 10, scale 1:760,320.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., A.P. Phillips, L.R. Follmer, H. Wang, and R.S. Nelson, 2001, Quaternary and environmental geology of the St. Louis Metro East area: in D. Malone (ed), Guidebook for Field Trip for the 35th Annual Meeting of the North-Central Section of the Geological Society of America: Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 33, p. 21-73.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., 2000, Glacial and nonglacial sediment contributions to Wisconsin Episode loess in the central United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 10, p. 1475-1495.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and M.J. Vepraskas, 2000, Utilization of magnetic susceptibility for delineating hydric soils: Soil Science Soil of America Journal, v. 64, no. 6, p. 2184-2180.<br><br />
== Grants and Contracts ==<br />
USGS-STATEMAP (PI); “The Illinois STATEMAP Geologic Mapping Proposal”, $194,565 [2013].<br><br />
USGS-STATEMAP (co-PI); “The Illinois STATEMAP Geologic Mapping Proposal”; served as PI for southwestern Illinois surficial mapping sub-project; yearly funding of $200,000 to $253,000 [2004 - 2012].<br><br />
“Drilling and Electrical Resistivity Surveys for Shakespeare Oil Company in Southwestern Illinois” [2006; $40,000]<br><br />
University of Illinois Research Board Grant, "Using magnetic susceptibility to aid with delineation of hydric (wetland) soils in the central Midwest" [2001; $18,400]<br></div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=User:DavidGrimley&diff=16557User:DavidGrimley2017-03-03T16:15:47Z<p>DavidGrimley: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Associate Quaternary Geologist'''<br><br />
'''Quaternary and Engineering Geology<br>'''<br />
217-244-7324<br><br />
217-244-2785 (Fax)<br><br />
[http://mailto:dgrimley@illinois.edu dgrimley@illinois.edu] <br />
== Education ==<br />
* Ph.D. University of Illinois, 1996<br><br />
* A.B. Colgate University, 1988<br><br />
<br />
== Research Interests ==<br />
* Stratigraphy, paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of Illinoian and pre-Illinoian sediments and paleosols in SW Illinois<br />
* Provenance of loess and lake sediment records, based on mineralogy, magnetic properties and elemental composition<br />
* Utilization of magnetic susceptibility for delineation of hydric (wetland) soils and for ecological restoration<br />
* Geomorphology and history of Illinoian glaciation in Illinois<br />
== Current Research Projects ==<br />
* Surficial geology mapping in the Kaskaskia River Basin in southwestern Illinois<br />
* Correlation of soil magnetic suscepitability to distribution of native tree and prairie species; utilization in restoration<br />
* Comparision of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of Wisconsinan, Illinoian and pre-Illinoian deposits in SW Illinois based on fossil assemblage, mineral and magnetic methods<br />
== Selected Publications: == <br />
O’ Brien, SL, Jastrow, JD, Grimley, DA, and Gonzalez-Meler, MA. 2015. Edaphic controls on soil organic carbon stocks in restored grasslands. Geoderma 251-252: 117-123.<br><br />
Voelker, SL, MC Stambaugh, RP Guyette, X Feng, DA Grimley, SW Leavitt, I Panyushkina, EC Grimm, JP Marsicek, B Shuman, BB Curry. 2015. Deglacial hydroclimate of midcontinental North America, Quaternary Research 83: 336-344.<br><br />
Pigati JS, McGeehin JP, Muhs DR, Grimley DA, Nekola JC. 2015. Radiocarbon dating loess deposits in the Mississippi Valley using terrestrial gastropod shells (Polygyridae, Helicinidae, and Discidae). Aeolian Research 16: 25-33.<br><br />
Grimley DA and Oches EA. 2015. Amino acid geochronology of gastropod-bearing Pleistocene units in Illinois, central USA. Quaternary Geochronology 25: 10-25.<br><br />
Webb ND, Grimley DA, Phillips AC, and BW Fouke. 2012. Origin of glacial ridges (OIS 6) in the Kaskaskia Sublobe, southwestern Illinois, USA. Quaternary Research 78: 341-352.<br><br />
Grimley DA and Phillips AC, editors. 2011. Ridges, Mounds, and Valleys: Glacial-Interglacial History of the Kaskaskia Basin, Southwestern Illinois, 55th Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference, Illinois State Geological Survey Open File Series 2011-1, 144 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A. and A.C. Phillips, 2011, Surficial Geology of St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois County Geologic Map, ICGM St. Clair County-SG, 2 sheets, 1:62,500.<br><br />
Curry BB, Grimley DA, and ED McKay III, 2011, Quaternary Glaciations in Illinois. In J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and P.D. Hughes, editors: Developments in Quaternary Science, v. 15, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 467-487.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., 2010, Surficial Geology of Mascoutah Quadrangle, St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Mascoutah-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 9 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and Webb, N.D., 2010, Surficial Geology of Red Bud Quadrangle, Randolph, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadranglex Map, IGQ Red Bud-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 15 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Larsen, D., Kaplan, S.W., Yansa. C.H., Curry, B.B., and Oches, E.A. 2009. A multi-proxy palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic record within full glacial lacustrine deposits, western Tennessee, USA. Journal of Quaternary Science 24: 260-981.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Wang, J-S., Liebert, D.A., and Dawson, J.O. 2008. Soil magnetic susceptibility: a quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration, Restoration Ecology 16: 657-667.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and Arruda, N.K. 2007. Observations of magnetite dissolution in poorly drained soils, Soil Science 172: 968-982.<br><br />
Treworgy, J.D., Saunders, J.J., and Grimley, D.A., 2007, Mammoth (Mammuthus sp.) excavation on a college campus in Western Illinois, USA, Quaternary International 169-170: 24-28.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A. and Phillips, A.C., 2006, Surficial Geology of Madison County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Madison County-SG, 1:100,000.<br><br />
Curry, B.B. and Grimley, D.A., 2006, Provenance, age, and environment of mid-Wisconsin Episode slackwater lake sediment in the St. Louis Metro East area, U.S.A., Quaternary Research, v. 65, p. 108-122.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Arruda, N.K., and M.W. Bramstedt, 2004, Using magnetic susceptibility to facilitate more rapid, reproducible, and precise delineation of hydric soils in the midwestern USA, Catena, v. 58, p. 183-213.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., L.R. Follmer, R.E. Hughes, and P.A. Solheid, 2003, Modern, Sangamon, and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois: Quaternary Science Reviews, v.22, p.225-244.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., B.J Stiff, and M.J. Andrew, 2001, Geologic road map of Illinois: Surface deposits and landscapes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Map 10, scale 1:760,320.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., A.P. Phillips, L.R. Follmer, H. Wang, and R.S. Nelson, 2001, Quaternary and environmental geology of the St. Louis Metro East area: in D. Malone (ed), Guidebook for Field Trip for the 35th Annual Meeting of the North-Central Section of the Geological Society of America: Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 33, p. 21-73.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., 2000, Glacial and nonglacial sediment contributions to Wisconsin Episode loess in the central United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 10, p. 1475-1495.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and M.J. Vepraskas, 2000, Utilization of magnetic susceptibility for delineating hydric soils: Soil Science Soil of America Journal, v. 64, no. 6, p. 2184-2180.<br><br />
== Grants and Contracts ==<br />
USGS-STATEMAP (PI); “The Illinois STATEMAP Geologic Mapping Proposal”, $194,565 [2013].<br><br />
USGS-STATEMAP (co-PI); “The Illinois STATEMAP Geologic Mapping Proposal”; served as PI for southwestern Illinois surficial mapping sub-project; yearly funding of $200,000 to $253,000 [2004 - 2012].<br><br />
“Drilling and Electrical Resistivity Surveys for Shakespeare Oil Company in Southwestern Illinois” [2006; $40,000]<br><br />
University of Illinois Research Board Grant, "Using magnetic susceptibility to aid with delineation of hydric (wetland) soils in the central Midwest" [2001; $18,400]<br></div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=User:DavidGrimley&diff=16556User:DavidGrimley2017-03-03T16:14:01Z<p>DavidGrimley: /* Education */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Associate Quaternary Geologist'''<br><br />
'''Quaternary and Engineering Geology<br>'''<br />
217-244-7324<br><br />
217-244-2785 (Fax)<br><br />
dgrimley@illinois.edu <br />
== Education ==<br />
* Ph.D. University of Illinois, 1996<br><br />
* A.B. Colgate University, 1988<br><br />
<br />
== Research Interests ==<br />
* Stratigraphy, paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of Illinoian and pre-Illinoian sediments and paleosols in SW Illinois<br />
* Provenance of loess and lake sediment records, based on mineralogy, magnetic properties and elemental composition<br />
* Utilization of magnetic susceptibility for delineation of hydric (wetland) soils and for ecological restoration<br />
* Geomorphology and history of Illinoian glaciation in Illinois<br />
== Current Research Projects ==<br />
* Surficial geology mapping in the Kaskaskia River Basin in southwestern Illinois<br />
* Correlation of soil magnetic suscepitability to distribution of native tree and prairie species; utilization in restoration<br />
* Comparision of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of Wisconsinan, Illinoian and pre-Illinoian deposits in SW Illinois based on fossil assemblage, mineral and magnetic methods<br />
== Selected Publications: == <br />
O’ Brien, SL, Jastrow, JD, Grimley, DA, and Gonzalez-Meler, MA. 2015. Edaphic controls on soil organic carbon stocks in restored grasslands. Geoderma 251-252: 117-123.<br><br />
Voelker, SL, MC Stambaugh, RP Guyette, X Feng, DA Grimley, SW Leavitt, I Panyushkina, EC Grimm, JP Marsicek, B Shuman, BB Curry. 2015. Deglacial hydroclimate of midcontinental North America, Quaternary Research 83: 336-344.<br><br />
Pigati JS, McGeehin JP, Muhs DR, Grimley DA, Nekola JC. 2015. Radiocarbon dating loess deposits in the Mississippi Valley using terrestrial gastropod shells (Polygyridae, Helicinidae, and Discidae). Aeolian Research 16: 25-33.<br><br />
Grimley DA and Oches EA. 2015. Amino acid geochronology of gastropod-bearing Pleistocene units in Illinois, central USA. Quaternary Geochronology 25: 10-25.<br><br />
Webb ND, Grimley DA, Phillips AC, and BW Fouke. 2012. Origin of glacial ridges (OIS 6) in the Kaskaskia Sublobe, southwestern Illinois, USA. Quaternary Research 78: 341-352.<br><br />
Grimley DA and Phillips AC, editors. 2011. Ridges, Mounds, and Valleys: Glacial-Interglacial History of the Kaskaskia Basin, Southwestern Illinois, 55th Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference, Illinois State Geological Survey Open File Series 2011-1, 144 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A. and A.C. Phillips, 2011, Surficial Geology of St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois County Geologic Map, ICGM St. Clair County-SG, 2 sheets, 1:62,500.<br><br />
Curry BB, Grimley DA, and ED McKay III, 2011, Quaternary Glaciations in Illinois. In J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and P.D. Hughes, editors: Developments in Quaternary Science, v. 15, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 467-487.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., 2010, Surficial Geology of Mascoutah Quadrangle, St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Mascoutah-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 9 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and Webb, N.D., 2010, Surficial Geology of Red Bud Quadrangle, Randolph, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadranglex Map, IGQ Red Bud-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 15 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Larsen, D., Kaplan, S.W., Yansa. C.H., Curry, B.B., and Oches, E.A. 2009. A multi-proxy palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic record within full glacial lacustrine deposits, western Tennessee, USA. Journal of Quaternary Science 24: 260-981.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Wang, J-S., Liebert, D.A., and Dawson, J.O. 2008. Soil magnetic susceptibility: a quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration, Restoration Ecology 16: 657-667.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and Arruda, N.K. 2007. Observations of magnetite dissolution in poorly drained soils, Soil Science 172: 968-982.<br><br />
Treworgy, J.D., Saunders, J.J., and Grimley, D.A., 2007, Mammoth (Mammuthus sp.) excavation on a college campus in Western Illinois, USA, Quaternary International 169-170: 24-28.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A. and Phillips, A.C., 2006, Surficial Geology of Madison County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Madison County-SG, 1:100,000.<br><br />
Curry, B.B. and Grimley, D.A., 2006, Provenance, age, and environment of mid-Wisconsin Episode slackwater lake sediment in the St. Louis Metro East area, U.S.A., Quaternary Research, v. 65, p. 108-122.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Arruda, N.K., and M.W. Bramstedt, 2004, Using magnetic susceptibility to facilitate more rapid, reproducible, and precise delineation of hydric soils in the midwestern USA, Catena, v. 58, p. 183-213.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., L.R. Follmer, R.E. Hughes, and P.A. Solheid, 2003, Modern, Sangamon, and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois: Quaternary Science Reviews, v.22, p.225-244.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., B.J Stiff, and M.J. Andrew, 2001, Geologic road map of Illinois: Surface deposits and landscapes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Map 10, scale 1:760,320.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., A.P. Phillips, L.R. Follmer, H. Wang, and R.S. Nelson, 2001, Quaternary and environmental geology of the St. Louis Metro East area: in D. Malone (ed), Guidebook for Field Trip for the 35th Annual Meeting of the North-Central Section of the Geological Society of America: Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 33, p. 21-73.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., 2000, Glacial and nonglacial sediment contributions to Wisconsin Episode loess in the central United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 10, p. 1475-1495.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and M.J. Vepraskas, 2000, Utilization of magnetic susceptibility for delineating hydric soils: Soil Science Soil of America Journal, v. 64, no. 6, p. 2184-2180.<br><br />
== Grants and Contracts ==<br />
USGS-STATEMAP (PI); “The Illinois STATEMAP Geologic Mapping Proposal”, $194,565 [2013].<br><br />
USGS-STATEMAP (co-PI); “The Illinois STATEMAP Geologic Mapping Proposal”; served as PI for southwestern Illinois surficial mapping sub-project; yearly funding of $200,000 to $253,000 [2004 - 2012].<br><br />
“Drilling and Electrical Resistivity Surveys for Shakespeare Oil Company in Southwestern Illinois” [2006; $40,000]<br><br />
University of Illinois Research Board Grant, "Using magnetic susceptibility to aid with delineation of hydric (wetland) soils in the central Midwest" [2001; $18,400]<br></div>DavidGrimleyhttps://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=User:DavidGrimley&diff=16555User:DavidGrimley2017-03-03T16:13:21Z<p>DavidGrimley: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Associate Quaternary Geologist'''<br><br />
'''Quaternary and Engineering Geology<br>'''<br />
217-244-7324<br><br />
217-244-2785 (Fax)<br><br />
dgrimley@illinois.edu <br />
== Education ==<br />
Ph.D. University of Illinois, 1996<br><br />
A.B. Colgate University, 1988<br><br />
== Research Interests ==<br />
* Stratigraphy, paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of Illinoian and pre-Illinoian sediments and paleosols in SW Illinois<br />
* Provenance of loess and lake sediment records, based on mineralogy, magnetic properties and elemental composition<br />
* Utilization of magnetic susceptibility for delineation of hydric (wetland) soils and for ecological restoration<br />
* Geomorphology and history of Illinoian glaciation in Illinois<br />
== Current Research Projects ==<br />
* Surficial geology mapping in the Kaskaskia River Basin in southwestern Illinois<br />
* Correlation of soil magnetic suscepitability to distribution of native tree and prairie species; utilization in restoration<br />
* Comparision of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of Wisconsinan, Illinoian and pre-Illinoian deposits in SW Illinois based on fossil assemblage, mineral and magnetic methods<br />
== Selected Publications: == <br />
O’ Brien, SL, Jastrow, JD, Grimley, DA, and Gonzalez-Meler, MA. 2015. Edaphic controls on soil organic carbon stocks in restored grasslands. Geoderma 251-252: 117-123.<br><br />
Voelker, SL, MC Stambaugh, RP Guyette, X Feng, DA Grimley, SW Leavitt, I Panyushkina, EC Grimm, JP Marsicek, B Shuman, BB Curry. 2015. Deglacial hydroclimate of midcontinental North America, Quaternary Research 83: 336-344.<br><br />
Pigati JS, McGeehin JP, Muhs DR, Grimley DA, Nekola JC. 2015. Radiocarbon dating loess deposits in the Mississippi Valley using terrestrial gastropod shells (Polygyridae, Helicinidae, and Discidae). Aeolian Research 16: 25-33.<br><br />
Grimley DA and Oches EA. 2015. Amino acid geochronology of gastropod-bearing Pleistocene units in Illinois, central USA. Quaternary Geochronology 25: 10-25.<br><br />
Webb ND, Grimley DA, Phillips AC, and BW Fouke. 2012. Origin of glacial ridges (OIS 6) in the Kaskaskia Sublobe, southwestern Illinois, USA. Quaternary Research 78: 341-352.<br><br />
Grimley DA and Phillips AC, editors. 2011. Ridges, Mounds, and Valleys: Glacial-Interglacial History of the Kaskaskia Basin, Southwestern Illinois, 55th Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference, Illinois State Geological Survey Open File Series 2011-1, 144 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A. and A.C. Phillips, 2011, Surficial Geology of St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois County Geologic Map, ICGM St. Clair County-SG, 2 sheets, 1:62,500.<br><br />
Curry BB, Grimley DA, and ED McKay III, 2011, Quaternary Glaciations in Illinois. In J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and P.D. Hughes, editors: Developments in Quaternary Science, v. 15, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 467-487.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., 2010, Surficial Geology of Mascoutah Quadrangle, St. Clair County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map, IGQ Mascoutah-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 9 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and Webb, N.D., 2010, Surficial Geology of Red Bud Quadrangle, Randolph, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Geologic Quadranglex Map, IGQ Red Bud-SG, 2 sheets, 1:24,000; report, 15 p.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Larsen, D., Kaplan, S.W., Yansa. C.H., Curry, B.B., and Oches, E.A. 2009. A multi-proxy palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic record within full glacial lacustrine deposits, western Tennessee, USA. Journal of Quaternary Science 24: 260-981.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Wang, J-S., Liebert, D.A., and Dawson, J.O. 2008. Soil magnetic susceptibility: a quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration, Restoration Ecology 16: 657-667.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and Arruda, N.K. 2007. Observations of magnetite dissolution in poorly drained soils, Soil Science 172: 968-982.<br><br />
Treworgy, J.D., Saunders, J.J., and Grimley, D.A., 2007, Mammoth (Mammuthus sp.) excavation on a college campus in Western Illinois, USA, Quaternary International 169-170: 24-28.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A. and Phillips, A.C., 2006, Surficial Geology of Madison County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Preliminary Geologic Map, IPGM Madison County-SG, 1:100,000.<br><br />
Curry, B.B. and Grimley, D.A., 2006, Provenance, age, and environment of mid-Wisconsin Episode slackwater lake sediment in the St. Louis Metro East area, U.S.A., Quaternary Research, v. 65, p. 108-122.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., Arruda, N.K., and M.W. Bramstedt, 2004, Using magnetic susceptibility to facilitate more rapid, reproducible, and precise delineation of hydric soils in the midwestern USA, Catena, v. 58, p. 183-213.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., L.R. Follmer, R.E. Hughes, and P.A. Solheid, 2003, Modern, Sangamon, and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois: Quaternary Science Reviews, v.22, p.225-244.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., B.J Stiff, and M.J. Andrew, 2001, Geologic road map of Illinois: Surface deposits and landscapes: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Map 10, scale 1:760,320.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., A.P. Phillips, L.R. Follmer, H. Wang, and R.S. Nelson, 2001, Quaternary and environmental geology of the St. Louis Metro East area: in D. Malone (ed), Guidebook for Field Trip for the 35th Annual Meeting of the North-Central Section of the Geological Society of America: Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 33, p. 21-73.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., 2000, Glacial and nonglacial sediment contributions to Wisconsin Episode loess in the central United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 10, p. 1475-1495.<br><br />
Grimley, D.A., and M.J. Vepraskas, 2000, Utilization of magnetic susceptibility for delineating hydric soils: Soil Science Soil of America Journal, v. 64, no. 6, p. 2184-2180.<br><br />
== Grants and Contracts ==<br />
USGS-STATEMAP (PI); “The Illinois STATEMAP Geologic Mapping Proposal”, $194,565 [2013].<br><br />
USGS-STATEMAP (co-PI); “The Illinois STATEMAP Geologic Mapping Proposal”; served as PI for southwestern Illinois surficial mapping sub-project; yearly funding of $200,000 to $253,000 [2004 - 2012].<br><br />
“Drilling and Electrical Resistivity Surveys for Shakespeare Oil Company in Southwestern Illinois” [2006; $40,000]<br><br />
University of Illinois Research Board Grant, "Using magnetic susceptibility to aid with delineation of hydric (wetland) soils in the central Midwest" [2001; $18,400]<br></div>DavidGrimley